{"id":9992,"date":"2025-08-04T10:01:05","date_gmt":"2025-08-04T07:01:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ovza.com\/?p=9992"},"modified":"2025-09-17T16:06:28","modified_gmt":"2025-09-17T13:06:28","slug":"offshore-trusts-under-common-law","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ovza.com\/pt\/offshore-trusts-under-common-law\/","title":{"rendered":"Offshore Trusts Under Common Law"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"l-section wpb_row us_custom_f05bea1e height_small\"><div class=\"l-section-h i-cf\"><div class=\"g-cols vc_row via_grid cols_1 laptops-cols_inherit tablets-cols_inherit mobiles-cols_1 valign_top type_default stacking_default\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"w-html\"><!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<head>
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.bd_toc_container .bd_toc_wrapper .bd_toc_wrapper_item .bd_toc_header {
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.bd_toc_container .bd_toc_wrapper .bd_toc_wrapper_item .bd_toc_header .bd_toc_header_title {
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.bd_toc_container .bd_toc_wrapper .bd_toc_content.list-type-none ul {
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.bd_toc_container .bd_toc_wrapper .bd_toc_content_list_item ul {
      padding: 0;
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.bd_toc_container .bd_toc_wrapper .bd_toc_content_list_item ul li {
        position: relative;
        margin: 0; }
.bd_toc_container .bd_toc_wrapper .bd_toc_content_list_item ul li a {
          position: relative;
          display: block;
          text-decoration: none !important;
          white-space: nowrap;
          overflow: hidden;
          text-overflow: ellipsis; }
.bd_toc_container .bd_toc_wrapper .bd_toc_wrapper_item {
      overflow: hidden; }
.bd_toc_container .bd_toc_wrapper .bd_toc_wrapper_item .bd_toc_header {
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
        justify-content: space-between;
        cursor: pointer; }
.bd_toc_container .bd_toc_wrapper .bd_toc_wrapper_item .bd_toc_header .bd_toc_switcher_hide_show_icon {
          cursor: pointer; }
.bd_toc_container .bd_toc_wrapper .bd_toc_wrapper_item .bd_toc_header.active .bd_toc_arrow {
          transform: rotate(-135deg); }
.bd_toc_container .bd_toc_wrapper .bd_toc_wrapper_item .bd_toc_content {
        border-bottom-left-radius: 15px;
        border-bottom-right-radius: 15px; }
.bd_toc_container .bd_toc_wrapper .bd_toc_wrapper_item .bd_toc_content .bd_toc_content_list .bd_toc_content_list_item {
          transition: height 0.2s ease-in-out; }
.bd_toc_container .layout_toggle_button {
    display: none;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    position: absolute;
    right: calc(0% - 124px);
    bottom: calc(0% + 200px);
    width: 130px;
    box-sizing: content-box;
    border-width: 50px 35px 0;
    border-style: solid;
    border-color: #000 transparent;
    transform: rotate(-90deg);
    cursor: pointer;
    z-index: 3;
    filter: drop-shadow(5px 5px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1)); }
@keyframes fadeIn {
  0% {
    opacity: 0; }
  100% {
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.bd_toc_widget_floating {
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.bd_toc_widget_floating .bd_toc_floating_content {
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    padding: 10px 0;
    transition: ease-in-out 0.5s; }
body .bd_toc_widget_floating {
  position: fixed;
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  padding: 0;
  height: auto;
  z-index: 99999999999999;
  max-width: 700px;
  overflow: hidden; }
body .bd_toc_widget_floating .bd_toc_widget_floating_current_heading {
    display: none;
    line-height: normal; }
.bd_toc_progress_bar.progress_bar_open .bd_toc_widget_progress_bar {
  position: fixed;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  left: 0;
  height: 5px;
  background-color: rgba(17, 64, 255, 0.71);
  transition: all linear 0.1s;
  z-index: 999999999999; }

</style>
<style class="bv-critical-css" bv-identifier="https://ovza.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/frontend.min.css?ver=4.1.4" id="elementor-frontend-css">
:root{--direction-multiplier:1}
.elementor-screen-only,.screen-reader-text,.screen-reader-text span,.ui-helper-hidden-accessible{height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;top:-10000em;width:1px;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);border:0}
:root{--page-title-display:block}.elementor-page-title,h1.entry-title{display:var(--page-title-display)}
@keyframes eicon-spin{0%{transform:rotate(0deg)}to{transform:rotate(359deg)}}
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h1.entry-title{display:var(--page-title-display);}

</style>
<style class="bv-critical-css" bv-identifier="https://ovza.com/wp-content/plugins/OVZA-Partner-Plugin/assets/css/hero.css?ver=1.0.22" id="ovza-partner-page-hero-css">
:root {
    --color-bg: #FFFFFF;
    --color-bg-card: #f6fefa;
    --color-bg-badge: #eef2f7;
    --color-primary: #29C78C;
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    --color-title: #222222;
    --color-subtitle: #6b7280;
    --color-border: #e5e7eb;
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    --ovza-text: #101214;
    --ovza-muted: #5f6670;
    --ovza-line: rgba(16, 18, 20, 0.08);
    --ovza-primary: #22c58b;
    --ovza-primary-dark: #16a34a;
    --ovza-pill: #eef2f3;
    --ovza-shadow: 0 24px 80px rgba(10, 18, 28, 0.16);
}
*, *::before, *::after {
    box-sizing: border-box;
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</style>
<style class="bv-critical-css" bv-identifier="https://ovza.com/wp-content/plugins/OVZA-Partner-Plugin/assets/css/faq.css?ver=1.0.22" id="ovza-partner-page-faq-css">
@keyframes faqTabFadeUp {
    from {
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        transform: translateY(14px);
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    to {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: translateY(0);
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}

</style>
<style class="bv-critical-css" bv-identifier="https://ovza.com/wp-content/plugins/OVZA-Partner-Plugin/assets/css/signup.css?ver=1.0.22" id="ovza-partner-page-signup-css">
@keyframes partnerSignupFloatA {
    0%, 100% {
        transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0);
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    50% {
        transform: translate3d(0, -10px, 0);
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@keyframes partnerSignupFloatB {
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    50% {
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@keyframes partnerSignupFloatC {
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        transform: translate3d(0, 0, 0);
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    50% {
        transform: translate3d(0, -12px, 0);
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}

</style>
<style class="bv-critical-css" bv-identifier="https://ovza.com/wp-content/plugins/translatepress-multilingual/assets/css/trp-language-switcher-v2.css?ver=3.2.2" id="trp-language-switcher-v2-css">
.trp-shortcode-switcher__wrapper {
    position: relative;
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}
.trp-shortcode-switcher {
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}
.trp-shortcode-anchor:not(.trp-opposite-button) {
    visibility: hidden;
}
.trp-shortcode-overlay {
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    top: 0;
    z-index: 9999;
}
.trp-current-language-item__wrapper:not(.trp-hide-arrow) {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    padding-right: 10px;
    justify-content: space-between;
}
.trp-switcher-dropdown-list {
    display: flex;
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    transition: max-height 0.2s ease-in-out;
    max-height: 0;
    transition-duration: var(--transition-duration);
}
.trp-shortcode-switcher .trp-switcher-dropdown-list {
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}
.trp-shortcode-arrow {
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.trp-language-item {
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    gap: 8px;
    padding: 7px 16px;
    text-decoration: none;
    min-height: 19px;
    box-sizing: content-box;
}
.trp-language-item__current {
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}
.trp-language-item-name {
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.trp-flag-image {
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}

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<style class="bv-critical-css" bv-identifier="https://ovza.com/wp-content/themes/Impreza/css/style.min.css?ver=1.1" id="us-style-css">
*{box-sizing:border-box}html{-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%}body{margin:0;overflow-x:hidden;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:var(--color-content-primary-faded)}details{display:block}summary{display:list-item}
[hidden],template{display:none}a{text-decoration:none;background:none;transition-property:background,box-shadow,border,color,opacity,transform;transition-duration:0.3s;-webkit-text-decoration-skip:objects}b,strong{font-weight:var(--bold-font-weight,bold )}
img{height:auto;max-width:100%}
button,input,optgroup,select,textarea{vertical-align:top;text-transform:none;color:inherit;font:inherit;border:none;margin:0}
textarea{overflow:auto;height:8rem;min-height:3rem;resize:vertical}input:not([type=submit]),select,textarea{outline:none!important}input[type=tel],input[type=text],input[type=date],input[type=email],input[type=search],input[type=number],input[type=password],textarea{-webkit-appearance:none}
button,[type=button],[type=reset],[type=submit]{overflow:visible;-webkit-appearance:button;cursor:pointer}
label,[type=checkbox],[type=radio]{cursor:pointer}
legend{border:0;padding:0}
dl,ul,ol{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}fieldset{border:0;margin:0;padding:0}audio,video,iframe,object,embed{max-width:100%;border:none}
::-webkit-input-placeholder{color:inherit;opacity:0.5}html,.l-header .widget,.menu-item-object-us_page_block{font-family:var(--font-family,inherit);font-weight:var(--font-weight,400);font-size:var(--font-size,16px);font-style:var(--font-style,normal);text-transform:var(--text-transform,none);line-height:var(--line-height,28px);letter-spacing:var(--letter-spacing,0)}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{margin:0;padding-top:1.5rem;color:var(--color-content-heading)}h1:first-child,h2:first-child,h3:first-child,h4:first-child,h5:first-child,h6:first-child,h1 + h2,h2 + h3,h3 + h4,h4 + h5,h5 + h6{padding-top:0}p,ul,ol,dl,address,pre,table,blockquote,fieldset{margin:0 0 1.5rem}
ul{list-style-type:disc;margin-left:2.5rem}
li{margin:0 0 0.5rem}
h1:last-child,h2:last-child,h3:last-child,h4:last-child,h5:last-child,h6:last-child,p:last-child,ul:last-child,ol:last-child,li:last-child,pre:last-child,table:last-child,address:last-child,fieldset:last-child,blockquote:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
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.hidden{display:none!important}.i-cf:after{content:'';display:block;clear:both}
.align_left{text-align:left}
a{color:var(--color-content-link)}
.l-canvas{margin:0 auto;width:100%;flex-grow:1;background:var(--color-content-bg-grad);color:var(--color-content-text)}
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.l-subheader,.l-section{padding-left:2.5rem;padding-right:2.5rem}.l-section{position:relative;margin:0 auto}.l-section-img{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;background-position:center center;background-size:cover}
.l-section-h{position:relative;margin:0 auto;width:100%;max-width:var(--site-content-width,1200px)}
.l-section.width_full{padding-left:0;padding-right:0}.l-section.width_full>.l-section-h{max-width:none!important}.l-section.height_small{padding-top:2rem;padding-bottom:2rem}
.header_hor .l-header.pos_fixed~.l-main>.l-section:first-of-type>.l-section-h,.header_hor .l-header.pos_fixed~.l-main>form>.l-section:first-of-type>.l-section-h,.header_hor .l-header.pos_static.bg_transparent~.l-main>.l-section:first-of-type>.l-section-h,.header_hor .l-header.pos_static.bg_transparent~.l-main>form>.l-section:first-of-type>.l-section-h{padding-top:var(--header-height)}
.vc_column-inner>.w-post-elm:not(:first-child)>.l-section>.l-section-h,.l-header.bg_solid~.l-main .vc_column-inner>.w-post-elm>.l-section>.l-section-h,.templatera_shortcode>.l-section>.l-section-h{padding-top:0!important}
.fal,.far,.fas,.fab,.fad{display:inline-block;line-height:1;font-family:"fontawesome";font-weight:400;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-rendering:auto;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}
@keyframes rotation{0%{transform:rotate(0deg)}100%{transform:rotate(360deg)}}
.screen-reader-text,.screen-reader-text:focus{ position:absolute;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);-webkit-clip-path:inset(50%);clip-path:inset(50%);height:1px;width:1px;margin:-1px;padding:0;border:0;word-wrap:normal!important}
.g-breadcrumbs{line-height:1.4}.g-breadcrumbs>*{display:inline-block;vertical-align:top}.g-breadcrumbs-separator{margin:0 0.6em}.g-breadcrumbs.hide_current .g-breadcrumbs-item:last-child,.g-breadcrumbs.hide_current .g-breadcrumbs-separator:nth-last-child(2){display:none}.g-breadcrumbs.has_text_color a{color:inherit}
.wpb_text_column:not(:last-child){margin-bottom:var(--text-block-margin-bottom,0px)}
@media screen and (max-width:900px){.l-subheader{padding-left:1rem!important;padding-right:1rem!important}}@media screen and (max-width:600px){p{margin-bottom:1rem}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{padding-top:1rem}}@media screen and (max-width:600px){.w-header-show,.w-toplink{margin:10px!important}.l-subheader,.l-section{padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem}.l-sidebar,.l-section.height_small,.l-section.height_medium{padding-top:1.5rem;padding-bottom:1.5rem}}.fa,.fab,.fad,.fal,.far,.fas{-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;display:inline-block;font-style:normal;font-variant:normal;text-rendering:auto;line-height:1}
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.fa-angle-right:before{content:"\f105"}
@keyframes fade{from{opacity:0}to{opacity:1}}
@keyframes fadeOut{from{opacity:1}to{opacity:0}}
@keyframes afc{from{opacity:0;transform:scale(0.1)}to{opacity:1;transform:scale(1)}}
@keyframes afl{from{opacity:0;transform:translateX(-5rem)}to{opacity:1;transform:translateX(0)}}
@keyframes afr{from{opacity:0;transform:translateX(5rem)}to{opacity:1;transform:translateX(0)}}
@keyframes aft{from{opacity:0;transform:translateY(-5rem)}to{opacity:1;transform:translateY(0)}}
@keyframes afb{from{opacity:0;transform:translateY(5rem)}to{opacity:1;transform:translateY(0)}}
@keyframes wfc{from{opacity:0;transform:scaleX(0.01)}to{opacity:1;transform:scaleX(1)}}
@keyframes hfc{from{opacity:0;transform:scaleY(0.01)}to{opacity:1;transform:scaleY(1)}}
@keyframes bounce{0%{opacity:0;transform:scale3d(0.3,0.3,0.3)}20%{transform:scale3d(1.1,1.1,1.1)}40%{transform:scale3d(0.9,0.9,0.9)}60%{opacity:1;transform:scale3d(1.03,1.03,1.03)}80%{transform:scale3d(0.97,0.97,0.97)}to{opacity:1;transform:scale3d(1,1,1)}}
.w-btn,.button,button[type=submit],input[type=submit]{display:inline-block;vertical-align:top;text-align:center;line-height:1.2; position:relative;transition-property:background,border,box-shadow,color,opacity,transform;transition-duration:0.3s;-webkit-tap-highlight-color:rgba(0,0,0,0)}
.w-btn:before,.button:before,button[type=submit]:before{content:'';position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;border-radius:inherit;border-style:solid;border-color:inherit;border-image:inherit}
.g-cols.via_grid{display:grid;grid-gap:var(--gap,3rem)}.vc_column_container{display:flex;flex-direction:column;position:relative;border-color:var(--color-content-border)}.g-cols.via_grid>.vc_column_container{min-width:0; width:auto}
.g-cols.cols_1{grid-template-columns:100%}
.g-cols.cols_3-1{grid-template-columns:3fr 1fr}
.w-grid{clear:both}
.l-header a,.l-header .g-preloader{color:inherit}.l-subheader-cell{display:flex;align-items:center;flex-grow:1}.l-subheader-cell.at_left{justify-content:flex-start}
.l-subheader-cell.at_center{justify-content:center}.l-subheader-cell.at_center>*{margin-left:0.7rem;margin-right:0.7rem}.l-subheader-cell.at_right{justify-content:flex-end}
.l-subheader-cell:empty{display:none}
.l-header:before{content:'auto';left:-100%;position:absolute;top:-100%;visibility:hidden!important}.w-html{line-height:1.5}
@keyframes blink{0%{opacity:1}20%{opacity:0}50%{opacity:0}70%{opacity:1}100%{opacity:1}}
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@keyframes scale2{0%{transform:scale(0.05);border-width:0.5em}50%{transform:scale(1);border-width:1px}100%{transform:scale(0.05);border-width:0.5em}}
@keyframes cubes-tl{0%{transform:translate(0px,0px)}20%{transform:translate(0px,0px)}60%{transform:translate(-0.15em,-0.15em) rotate(90deg)}100%{transform:translate(0px,0px) rotate(180deg)}}
@keyframes cubes-tr{0%{transform:translate(0px,0px)}20%{transform:translate(0px,0px)}60%{transform:translate(0.15em,0.15em) rotate(90deg)}100%{transform:translate(0px,0px) rotate(180deg)}}
@keyframes cubes-br{0%{transform:translate(0px,0px)}20%{transform:translate(0px,0px)}60%{transform:translate(0.15em,-0.15em) rotate(90deg)}100%{transform:translate(0px,0px) rotate(180deg)}}
@keyframes cubes-bl{0%{transform:translate(0px,0px)}20%{transform:translate(0px,0px)}60%{transform:translate(-0.15em,0.15em) rotate(90deg)}100%{transform:translate(0px,0px) rotate(180deg)}}
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.w-post-elm.post_title{padding:0}
.w-separator{clear:both;overflow:hidden;line-height:0;height:1.5rem}
.w-separator:not(.with_content),.w-separator.with_content .w-separator-h{position:relative}
.w-separator.size_small:empty{height:1.5rem}
.w-separator.size_medium:empty{height:3rem}
@media (max-width:1024px){.w-separator.size_small:empty{height:1rem}}@media (max-width:1024px){.w-separator.size_medium:empty{height:calc(1rem + 2.5vw)}}.w-text{padding:0}
.w-vwrapper{display:flex;flex-direction:column}
.w-vwrapper>*:not(:last-child){margin-bottom:var(--vwrapper-gap,0.7rem)}

</style>
<style class="bv-critical-css" bv-identifier="https://ovza.com/wp-content/plugins/Ultimate_VC_Addons/assets/min-css/style.min.css?ver=3.21.3" id="ultimate-vc-addons-style-css">
.upb_video_class,.vc_row,.wpb_column,.wpb_row{position:relative}

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<style class="bv-critical-css">
.ovza-flag-big.fi.fi-lr {  
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    display: inline-block !important; 
    background-size: cover !important; 
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    vertical-align: top;  
}

</style>
<style class="bv-critical-css">
.ovza-nav__lang-switcher-wrap{
    z-index: 5000
}

</style>
<style class="bv-critical-css">
html body .ti-widget[data-layout-id='74'][data-set-id='default'] .ti-sticky-button,
html body .ti-widget[data-layout-id='74'][data-set-id='default'] .ti-sticky-button.ti-position-right {
    
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</style>
<style class="bv-critical-css">
.bd_toc_container{width:100%!important;}.bd_toc_wrapper{padding-top:20px!important;padding-right:25px!important;padding-bottom:20px!important;padding-left:25px!important;}.bd_toc_container{margin-top:0px!important;margin-bottom:30px!important;}.bd_toc_container{background-color:#ffffff!important;}.bd_toc_container{border-top-width:1px!important;border-right-width:1px!important;border-bottom-width:1px!important;border-left-width:1px!important;border-color:#efefef!important;border-style:solid!important;}.bd_toc_header_title{font-size:22px!important;line-height:40px!important;}.bd_toc_wrapper .bd_toc_header .bd_toc_header_title{color:#2c2f32!important;}
.bd_toc_header{padding-top:0px!important;padding-right:2px!important;padding-bottom:0px!important;padding-left:0px!important;}.bd_toc_header.active{margin-top:0px!important;margin-right:0px!important;margin-bottom:15px!important;margin-left:0px!important;}.bd_toc_content_list .bd_toc_content_list_item ul > li > a{font-size:14px!important;line-height:20px!important;}.bd_toc_wrapper .bd_toc_wrapper_item .bd_toc_content .bd_toc_content_list_item ul li a{padding-top:12px!important;padding-right:45px!important;padding-bottom:12px!important;padding-left:15px!important;}.bd_toc_wrapper .bd_toc_wrapper_item .bd_toc_content .bd_toc_content_list_item ul li a{margin-top:0px!important;margin-right:0px!important;margin-bottom:0px!important;margin-left:0px!important;}.bd_toc_wrapper .bd_toc_wrapper_item .bd_toc_content .bd_toc_content_list ul li a{border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;border-color:#ffffff;border-style:solid;}.bd_toc_content{background-color:#ffffff!important;}.bd_toc_wrapper .bd_toc_wrapper_item .bd_toc_content .bd_toc_content_list ul li a{background-color:#ffffff!important;}
.bd_toc_wrapper .bd_toc_wrapper_item .bd_toc_content .bd_toc_content_list ul li a, .bd_toc_container .bd_toc_wrapper .bd_toc_content_list_item ul li .collaps-button .toggle-icon{color:#2c2f32;}
.bd_toc_widget_floating .bd_toc_floating_content{border-top-width:1px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;border-color:#efefef;border-style:solid;}.bd_toc_widget_floating .bd_toc_floating_content{background-color:#FFFFFF!important;}
.bd_toc_progress_bar .bd_toc_widget_progress_bar{background-color:#1db38d!important;}

</style>
<style class="bv-critical-css" bv-identifier="wp-custom-css" id="wp-custom-css">
.trp-shortcode-arrow {
    width: 12px;
}
.trp-current-language-item__wrapper:not(.trp-hide-arrow) {
width:86px;
}
@media (min-width: 768px) {.trp-shortcode-switcher{
	padding: 4px 1px 4px 4px !important;
}}@media (min-width: 768px) {.ovza-nav__link{
	padding: 8px 10px !important;
}}@media (max-width: 768px) {.trp-switcher-dropdown-list{
		padding-left:5px !important;
	}}@media (max-width: 768px) {.trp-language-switcher{
		border-radius:15px;
	}}@media (max-width: 768px) {.trp-current-language-item__wrapper{
		padding: 4px 8px 3px 6px !important;
	}}@media (max-width: 768px) {.ovza-nav__bar{
	gap:5px !important;
}}@media (max-width: 768px) {.ovza-nav__lang-switcher-wrap{
		margin-top:1.8% !important;
	}}.trp-flag-image{
	width:22px !important;
}
.trp-shortcode-switcher{
	border: 2px solid #10b981;
}
.trp-language-item{
	padding:0px 10px !important;
}
.trp-shortcode-switcher{
	padding:3px 0px;
}
.ovza-nav__bar{
	padding:0px !important;
}
.trp-language-item-name{
	font-size:12px;
	font-weight:700;
 	margin-left: -2px !important;
}
@media (max-width: 991px) {.ovza-mobile-lang{
		padding:22px !important;
	}}@media (max-width: 991px) {.trp-current-language-item__wrapper:not(.trp-hide-arrow) {
width:90px;
}}@media (max-width: 991px) {.ovza-nav__left{
		margin-left:10px !important;
	}}@media (max-width: 991px) {.ovza-nav__bar{
	gap:5px !important;
}}@media (max-width: 991px) {.ovza-nav__bar	.ovza-nav__lang-switcher-wrap{
		display:none;
	}}@media (max-width: 991px) {.ovza-nav__lang-switcher-wrap{
		margin-top:2% !important;
	}}.ovza-nav__bar{
	padding:0px !important;
}
.trp-flag-image{
	width:22px !important;
}
.trp-language-item{
	padding:0px 10px !important;
}
.trp-shortcode-switcher{
	padding:3px 0px;
}
.trp-language-item{
	margin:5px 0px !important;
}
.trp-shortcode-switcher{
	border: 2px solid #10B981;
}
.ovza-mobile-lang{
		padding:22px;
	}
.ovza-mobile-lang {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: 12px;
    padding: 22px 24px;
    font-size: 15px;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--text-main);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
    background: transparent;
  }
.ovza-drawer__footer{
/* 		position: absolute; */
		margin-top:auto !important;
    bottom: 20px; 
    left: 20px;   
    right: 20px;  
    color: white;
    padding: 12px 0;
    text-align: center;
    border-radius: 6px;
	}
.ovza-mobile-lang__left {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 10px; /* Matching the space between icon and text of other menu options */
  }
svg.ovza-mobile-lang__icon {
    display: block !important;
    visibility: visible !important;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    color: var(--text-main);
  }
.ovza-mobile-lang__right {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
  }
.ovza-mobile-lang__right version,
  .ovza-mobile-lang__right select,
  .ovza-mobile-lang__right div {
    font-family: var(--font);
  }
button.frm_button_submit.frm_final_submit {
    margin: 0 !important;
}
.side-contact input {
	height: 35px !important;
}
.g-cols.via_grid {
	gap: 0px;
}
.grecaptcha-badge {
  /* Adjust vertical alignment */
	bottom: 110px !important;
	/* Keep above TOC */
	z-index: 99999;
}
.custom-post-content a {
	color: #148a64;
	text-decoration: underline;
}
.custom-post-content p {
	margin: 20px 0px;
}
.with_frm_style .frm_checkbox {
    text-decoration: none!important;
}
@media (max-width: 768px) {.custom-post-content {
		padding: 4px;
		width: 100%;
	}}@media (max-width: 480px) {.custom-post-content {
		padding: 8px;
	}}.wp-post-image {
	max-width: 100%;
}
.wp-post-image {
	width: 100% !important;
}
button.frm_button_submit.frm_final_submit{
	background: linear-gradient(to right, #4EBFA3, #22C885) !important;
	border:none !important;
	padding: 15px 20px !important;
	border-radius: 10px !important;
}
.w-btn:before, .button:before, button[type=submit]:before{
	display:none !important;
}
.frm_submit.frm_flex{
	display:flex;
}
.frm_submit.frm_flex {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: flex-end; 
	/* pushes button to the right */
}
h1.w-post-elm.post_title {
	margin-bottom: 0px !important;
}
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, a, li {
    font-family: "Poppins", sans-serif !important;
}
footer#page-footer {
    position: relative;
    background-image: url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB2aWV3Qm94PSIwIDAgMTg5MiAxMjYxIiB3aWR0aD0iMTg5MiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxMjYxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIGJ2LWltZy11cmw9Imh0dHBzOi8vb3Z6YS5jb20vd3AtY29udGVudC91cGxvYWRzL2FsX29wdF9jb250ZW50L0lNQUdFL292emEuY29tL3dwLWNvbnRlbnQvdXBsb2Fkcy8yMDI1LzA5L2JnZm9vdGVyLnBuZyIgYnYtYmctc3R5bGU9IiIgYnYtcmVzaXplZC1pbmZvcz0iTkRnd09qUTRNQ296TWpBN09ESXdPamd5TUNvMU5EYzdNVFV6TmpveE5UTTJLakV3TWpRPSI+PC9zdmc+);
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
    background-position: center bottom;
    background-size: cover;
    color: var(--color-footer-text);
}
.l-subheader.at_middle .l-subheader-cell.at_left, .l-subheader.at_middle .l-subheader-cell.at_right {
					display: flex;
		flex-basis: content !important;}
@media (max-width: 991px){}@media (max-width: 991px){body.ovza-header-mode--transparent-sticky #page-header,
  body.ovza-header-mode--transparent-sticky #page-header .l-subheader,
  body.ovza-header-mode--transparent-sticky #page-header .l-subheader-h,
  body.ovza-header-mode--transparent-sticky #page-header .l-subheader-cell,
  body.ovza-header-mode--transparent-not-sticky #page-header,
  body.ovza-header-mode--transparent-not-sticky #page-header .l-subheader,
  body.ovza-header-mode--transparent-not-sticky #page-header .l-subheader-h,
  body.ovza-header-mode--transparent-not-sticky #page-header .l-subheader-cell{
    background: transparent !important;
    box-shadow: none !important;
  }}.ovza-mobile-card__text{
	    text-align: left;
}
.ovza-mobile-partner,.ovza-mobile-about {
	    padding: 8px 0PX !important;
}

</style>
<style class="bv-critical-css" bv-identifier="us-icon-fonts" id="us-icon-fonts">
.far{font-family:"fontawesome";font-weight:400}






</style>
<style class="bv-critical-css" bv-identifier="us-theme-options-css" id="us-theme-options-css">
:root{--color-header-middle-bg:#fff;--color-header-middle-bg-grad:#fff;--color-header-middle-text:#000000;--color-header-middle-text-hover:#1db38d;--color-header-transparent-bg:transparent;--color-header-transparent-bg-grad:transparent;--color-header-transparent-text:#ffffff;--color-header-transparent-text-hover:#000000;--color-chrome-toolbar:#f2f4f7;--color-chrome-toolbar-grad:#f2f4f7;--color-header-top-bg:#f2f4f7;--color-header-top-bg-grad:#f2f4f7;--color-header-top-text:#727f9f;--color-header-top-text-hover:#646cfd;--color-header-top-transparent-bg:rgba(0,0,0,0.2);--color-header-top-transparent-bg-grad:rgba(0,0,0,0.2);--color-header-top-transparent-text:rgba(255,255,255,0.66);--color-header-top-transparent-text-hover:#fff;--color-content-bg:#fff;--color-content-bg-grad:#fff;--color-content-bg-alt:#f2f4f7;--color-content-bg-alt-grad:#f2f4f7;--color-content-border:#e3e7f0;--color-content-heading:#0f131f;--color-content-heading-grad:#0f131f;--color-content-text:#000000;--color-content-link:#1db38d;--color-content-link-hover:#000000;--color-content-primary:#1db38d;--color-content-primary-grad:linear-gradient(90deg,#1db38d,#22c687);--color-content-secondary:#22c687;--color-content-secondary-grad:#22c687;--color-content-faded:#727f9f;--color-content-overlay:rgba(15,19,31,0.80);--color-content-overlay-grad:rgba(15,19,31,0.80);--color-alt-content-bg:#f2f4f7;--color-alt-content-bg-grad:#f2f4f7;--color-alt-content-bg-alt:#fff;--color-alt-content-bg-alt-grad:#fff;--color-alt-content-border:#e3e7f0;--color-alt-content-heading:#000000;--color-alt-content-heading-grad:#000000;--color-alt-content-text:#000000;--color-alt-content-link:#000000;--color-alt-content-link-hover:#1db38d;--color-alt-content-primary:#22c687;--color-alt-content-primary-grad:#22c687;--color-alt-content-secondary:#1db38d;--color-alt-content-secondary-grad:linear-gradient(90deg,#1db38d,#22c687);--color-alt-content-faded:#727f9f;--color-alt-content-overlay:rgba(100,108,253,0.85);--color-alt-content-overlay-grad:rgba(100,108,253,0.85);--color-footer-bg:#1db38d;--color-footer-bg-grad:#1db38d;--color-footer-bg-alt:#ffffff;--color-footer-bg-alt-grad:#ffffff;--color-footer-border:#2b3242;--color-footer-heading:#fff;--color-footer-heading-grad:#fff;--color-footer-text:#ffffff;--color-footer-link:#ffffff;--color-footer-link-hover:#1c2130;--color-subfooter-bg:#000000;--color-subfooter-bg-grad:#000000;--color-subfooter-bg-alt:#2b3242;--color-subfooter-bg-alt-grad:#2b3242;--color-subfooter-border:#727f9f;--color-subfooter-heading:#1db38d;--color-subfooter-heading-grad:#1db38d;--color-subfooter-text:#ffffff;--color-subfooter-link:#ffffff;--color-subfooter-link-hover:#1db38d;--color-content-primary-faded:rgba(29,179,141,0.15);--box-shadow:0 5px 15px rgba(0,0,0,.15);--box-shadow-up:0 -5px 15px rgba(0,0,0,.15);--site-canvas-width:1300px;--site-content-width:1200px;--text-block-margin-bottom:0rem;--inputs-font-size:1rem;--inputs-height:2.8rem;--inputs-padding:0.8rem;--inputs-border-width:0px;--inputs-text-color:var(--color-content-text)}
:root{--font-family:Poppins,sans-serif;--font-size:16px;--line-height:28px;--font-weight:400;--bold-font-weight:700;--text-transform:none;--font-style:normal;--letter-spacing:0em;--h1-font-family:Poppins,sans-serif;--h1-font-size:calc(32px + 2vw);--h1-line-height:1.2;--h1-font-weight:400;--h1-bold-font-weight:700;--h1-text-transform:none;--h1-font-style:normal;--h1-letter-spacing:0em;--h1-margin-bottom:1.5rem;--h2-font-family:var(--h1-font-family);--h2-font-size:calc(22px + 1.3vw);--h2-line-height:1.2;--h2-font-weight:var(--h1-font-weight);--h2-bold-font-weight:var(--h1-bold-font-weight);--h2-text-transform:var(--h1-text-transform);--h2-font-style:var(--h1-font-style);--h2-letter-spacing:0em;--h2-margin-bottom:1.5rem;--h3-font-family:var(--h1-font-family);--h3-font-size:calc(19px + 1vw);--h3-line-height:1.2;--h3-font-weight:var(--h1-font-weight);--h3-bold-font-weight:var(--h1-bold-font-weight);--h3-text-transform:var(--h1-text-transform);--h3-font-style:var(--h1-font-style);--h3-letter-spacing:0em;--h3-margin-bottom:1.5rem;--h4-font-family:var(--h1-font-family);--h4-font-size:calc(17px + 0.9vw);--h4-line-height:1.2;--h4-font-weight:var(--h1-font-weight);--h4-bold-font-weight:var(--h1-bold-font-weight);--h4-text-transform:var(--h1-text-transform);--h4-font-style:var(--h1-font-style);--h4-letter-spacing:0em;--h4-margin-bottom:1.5rem;--h4-color:var(--color-header-middle-text-hover);--h5-font-family:var(--h1-font-family);--h5-font-size:calc(16px + 0.8vw);--h5-line-height:1.2;--h5-font-weight:var(--h1-font-weight);--h5-bold-font-weight:var(--h1-bold-font-weight);--h5-text-transform:var(--h1-text-transform);--h5-font-style:var(--h1-font-style);--h5-letter-spacing:0em;--h5-margin-bottom:1.5rem;--h6-font-family:var(--h1-font-family);--h6-font-size:calc(15px + 0.8vw);--h6-line-height:1.2;--h6-font-weight:var(--h1-font-weight);--h6-bold-font-weight:var(--h1-bold-font-weight);--h6-text-transform:var(--h1-text-transform);--h6-font-style:var(--h1-font-style);--h6-letter-spacing:0em;--h6-margin-bottom:1.5rem}
@media (min-width:1025px) and (max-width:1380px){:root{--font-family:Poppins,sans-serif;--font-size:16px;--line-height:28px;--font-weight:400;--bold-font-weight:700;--text-transform:none;--font-style:normal;--letter-spacing:0em;--h1-font-family:Poppins,sans-serif;--h1-font-size:calc(32px + 2vw);--h1-line-height:1.2;--h1-font-weight:400;--h1-bold-font-weight:700;--h1-text-transform:none;--h1-font-style:normal;--h1-letter-spacing:0em;--h1-margin-bottom:1.5rem;--h2-font-family:var(--h1-font-family);--h2-font-size:calc(22px + 1.3vw);--h2-line-height:1.2;--h2-font-weight:var(--h1-font-weight);--h2-bold-font-weight:var(--h1-bold-font-weight);--h2-text-transform:var(--h1-text-transform);--h2-font-style:var(--h1-font-style);--h2-letter-spacing:0em;--h2-margin-bottom:1.5rem;--h3-font-family:var(--h1-font-family);--h3-font-size:calc(19px + 1vw);--h3-line-height:1.2;--h3-font-weight:var(--h1-font-weight);--h3-bold-font-weight:var(--h1-bold-font-weight);--h3-text-transform:var(--h1-text-transform);--h3-font-style:var(--h1-font-style);--h3-letter-spacing:0em;--h3-margin-bottom:1.5rem;--h4-font-family:var(--h1-font-family);--h4-font-size:calc(17px + 0.9vw);--h4-line-height:1.2;--h4-font-weight:var(--h1-font-weight);--h4-bold-font-weight:var(--h1-bold-font-weight);--h4-text-transform:var(--h1-text-transform);--h4-font-style:var(--h1-font-style);--h4-letter-spacing:0em;--h4-margin-bottom:1.5rem;--h4-color:var(--color-header-middle-text-hover);--h5-font-family:var(--h1-font-family);--h5-font-size:calc(16px + 0.8vw);--h5-line-height:1.2;--h5-font-weight:var(--h1-font-weight);--h5-bold-font-weight:var(--h1-bold-font-weight);--h5-text-transform:var(--h1-text-transform);--h5-font-style:var(--h1-font-style);--h5-letter-spacing:0em;--h5-margin-bottom:1.5rem;--h6-font-family:var(--h1-font-family);--h6-font-size:calc(15px + 0.8vw);--h6-line-height:1.2;--h6-font-weight:var(--h1-font-weight);--h6-bold-font-weight:var(--h1-bold-font-weight);--h6-text-transform:var(--h1-text-transform);--h6-font-style:var(--h1-font-style);--h6-letter-spacing:0em;--h6-margin-bottom:1.5rem}}
@media (min-width:601px) and (max-width:1024px){:root{--font-family:Poppins,sans-serif;--font-size:16px;--line-height:28px;--font-weight:400;--bold-font-weight:700;--text-transform:none;--font-style:normal;--letter-spacing:0em;--h1-font-family:Poppins,sans-serif;--h1-font-size:calc(32px + 2vw);--h1-line-height:1.2;--h1-font-weight:400;--h1-bold-font-weight:700;--h1-text-transform:none;--h1-font-style:normal;--h1-letter-spacing:0em;--h1-margin-bottom:1.5rem;--h2-font-family:var(--h1-font-family);--h2-font-size:calc(22px + 1.3vw);--h2-line-height:1.2;--h2-font-weight:var(--h1-font-weight);--h2-bold-font-weight:var(--h1-bold-font-weight);--h2-text-transform:var(--h1-text-transform);--h2-font-style:var(--h1-font-style);--h2-letter-spacing:0em;--h2-margin-bottom:1.5rem;--h3-font-family:var(--h1-font-family);--h3-font-size:calc(19px + 1vw);--h3-line-height:1.2;--h3-font-weight:var(--h1-font-weight);--h3-bold-font-weight:var(--h1-bold-font-weight);--h3-text-transform:var(--h1-text-transform);--h3-font-style:var(--h1-font-style);--h3-letter-spacing:0em;--h3-margin-bottom:1.5rem;--h4-font-family:var(--h1-font-family);--h4-font-size:calc(17px + 0.9vw);--h4-line-height:1.2;--h4-font-weight:var(--h1-font-weight);--h4-bold-font-weight:var(--h1-bold-font-weight);--h4-text-transform:var(--h1-text-transform);--h4-font-style:var(--h1-font-style);--h4-letter-spacing:0em;--h4-margin-bottom:1.5rem;--h4-color:var(--color-header-middle-text-hover);--h5-font-family:var(--h1-font-family);--h5-font-size:calc(16px + 0.8vw);--h5-line-height:1.2;--h5-font-weight:var(--h1-font-weight);--h5-bold-font-weight:var(--h1-bold-font-weight);--h5-text-transform:var(--h1-text-transform);--h5-font-style:var(--h1-font-style);--h5-letter-spacing:0em;--h5-margin-bottom:1.5rem;--h6-font-family:var(--h1-font-family);--h6-font-size:calc(15px + 0.8vw);--h6-line-height:1.2;--h6-font-weight:var(--h1-font-weight);--h6-bold-font-weight:var(--h1-bold-font-weight);--h6-text-transform:var(--h1-text-transform);--h6-font-style:var(--h1-font-style);--h6-letter-spacing:0em;--h6-margin-bottom:1.5rem}}@media (max-width:600px){:root{--font-family:Poppins,sans-serif;--font-size:16px;--line-height:28px;--font-weight:400;--bold-font-weight:700;--text-transform:none;--font-style:normal;--letter-spacing:0em;--h1-font-family:Poppins,sans-serif;--h1-font-size:calc(32px + 2vw);--h1-line-height:1.2;--h1-font-weight:400;--h1-bold-font-weight:700;--h1-text-transform:none;--h1-font-style:normal;--h1-letter-spacing:0em;--h1-margin-bottom:1.5rem;--h2-font-family:var(--h1-font-family);--h2-font-size:calc(22px + 1.3vw);--h2-line-height:1.2;--h2-font-weight:var(--h1-font-weight);--h2-bold-font-weight:var(--h1-bold-font-weight);--h2-text-transform:var(--h1-text-transform);--h2-font-style:var(--h1-font-style);--h2-letter-spacing:0em;--h2-margin-bottom:1.5rem;--h3-font-family:var(--h1-font-family);--h3-font-size:calc(19px + 1vw);--h3-line-height:1.2;--h3-font-weight:var(--h1-font-weight);--h3-bold-font-weight:var(--h1-bold-font-weight);--h3-text-transform:var(--h1-text-transform);--h3-font-style:var(--h1-font-style);--h3-letter-spacing:0em;--h3-margin-bottom:1.5rem;--h4-font-family:var(--h1-font-family);--h4-font-size:calc(17px + 0.9vw);--h4-line-height:1.2;--h4-font-weight:var(--h1-font-weight);--h4-bold-font-weight:var(--h1-bold-font-weight);--h4-text-transform:var(--h1-text-transform);--h4-font-style:var(--h1-font-style);--h4-letter-spacing:0em;--h4-margin-bottom:1.5rem;--h4-color:var(--color-header-middle-text-hover);--h5-font-family:var(--h1-font-family);--h5-font-size:calc(16px + 0.8vw);--h5-line-height:1.2;--h5-font-weight:var(--h1-font-weight);--h5-bold-font-weight:var(--h1-bold-font-weight);--h5-text-transform:var(--h1-text-transform);--h5-font-style:var(--h1-font-style);--h5-letter-spacing:0em;--h5-margin-bottom:1.5rem;--h6-font-family:var(--h1-font-family);--h6-font-size:calc(15px + 0.8vw);--h6-line-height:1.2;--h6-font-weight:var(--h1-font-weight);--h6-bold-font-weight:var(--h1-bold-font-weight);--h6-text-transform:var(--h1-text-transform);--h6-font-style:var(--h1-font-style);--h6-letter-spacing:0em;--h6-margin-bottom:1.5rem}}h1{font-family:var(--h1-font-family,inherit);font-weight:var(--h1-font-weight,inherit);font-size:var(--h1-font-size,inherit);font-style:var(--h1-font-style,inherit);line-height:var(--h1-line-height,1.4);letter-spacing:var(--h1-letter-spacing,inherit);text-transform:var(--h1-text-transform,inherit);margin-bottom:var(--h1-margin-bottom,1.5rem)}
h5{font-family:var(--h5-font-family,inherit);font-weight:var(--h5-font-weight,inherit);font-size:var(--h5-font-size,inherit);font-style:var(--h5-font-style,inherit);line-height:var(--h5-line-height,1.4);letter-spacing:var(--h5-letter-spacing,inherit);text-transform:var(--h5-text-transform,inherit);margin-bottom:var(--h5-margin-bottom,1.5rem)}
body{background:var(--color-content-bg-alt)}
@media (min-width:1381px){}@media (min-width:1381px){.vc_hidden-lg,body:not(.usb_preview) .hide_on_default{display:none!important}}@media (min-width:1025px) and (max-width:1380px){body.usb_preview .hide_on_laptops{opacity:0.25!important}.vc_hidden-md,body:not(.usb_preview) .hide_on_laptops{display:none!important}.laptops_align_left{text-align:left;justify-content:flex-start}.laptops_align_right{text-align:right;justify-content:flex-end}.laptops_align_center{text-align:center;justify-content:center}.laptops_align_justify{justify-content:space-between}.w-hwrapper>.laptops_align_justify,.laptops_align_justify>.w-btn{width:100%}.g-cols.via_grid[style*="--laptops-gap"]{grid-gap:var(--laptops-gap,3rem)}}
@media (min-width:601px) and (max-width:1024px){}@media (min-width:601px) and (max-width:1024px){.vc_hidden-sm,body:not(.usb_preview) .hide_on_tablets{display:none!important}}@media (max-width:600px){}@media (max-width:600px){.vc_hidden-xs,body:not(.usb_preview) .hide_on_mobiles{display:none!important}}@media (max-width:600px){.g-cols.mobiles-cols_1{grid-template-columns:100%}}@media (max-width:600px){.g-cols:not([style*="--gap"]){grid-gap:1.5rem}}@media (max-width:599px){.l-canvas{overflow:hidden}}@media (max-width:599px){.g-cols.stacking_default.via_grid.mobiles-cols_1{grid-template-columns:100%}}a,button,input[type=submit],.ui-slider-handle{outline:none!important}.w-header-show{background:rgba(0,0,0,0.3)}
button[type=submit]:not(.w-btn),input[type=submit]:not(.w-btn),.woocommerce .button.alt,.woocommerce .button.checkout,.woocommerce .button.add_to_cart_button,.us-nav-style_1>*,.navstyle_1>.owl-nav button,.us-btn-style_1{font-size:16px;line-height:1.2!important;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;text-transform:none;letter-spacing:0em;border-radius:10px;padding:1em 0.9em;background:var(--color-content-primary-grad);border-color:transparent;color:#ffffff!important}button[type=submit]:not(.w-btn):before,input[type=submit]:not(.w-btn),.woocommerce .button.alt:before,.woocommerce .button.checkout:before,.woocommerce .button.add_to_cart_button:before,.us-nav-style_1>*:before,.navstyle_1>.owl-nav button:before,.us-btn-style_1:before{border-width:0px}
.w-filter.state_desktop.style_drop_default .w-filter-item-title,.select2-selection,select,textarea,input:not([type=submit]){font-weight:400;letter-spacing:0em;border-radius:0.3rem;background:var(--color-content-bg-alt);color:var(--color-content-text)}

</style>
<style class="bv-critical-css" bv-identifier="us-current-header-css" id="us-current-header-css">
.l-subheader.at_middle,.l-subheader.at_middle .w-dropdown-list,.l-subheader.at_middle .type_mobile .w-nav-list.level_1{background:var(--color-header-transparent-bg);color:var(--color-header-middle-text)}
.l-header.bg_transparent:not(.sticky) .l-subheader.at_middle{background:var(--color-header-transparent-bg);color:var(--color-header-transparent-text)}
@media (min-width:1381px){}@media (min-width:1381px){.l-header{position:relative;z-index:111;width:100%}.l-subheader{margin:0 auto}}@media (min-width:1381px){.l-subheader-h{display:flex;align-items:center;position:relative;margin:0 auto;max-width:var(--site-content-width,1200px);height:inherit}.w-header-show{display:none}.l-header.pos_fixed{position:fixed;left:0}.l-header.pos_fixed:not(.notransition) .l-subheader{transition-property:transform,background,box-shadow,line-height,height;transition-duration:.3s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(.78,.13,.15,.86)}}@media (min-width:1381px){.l-header.bg_transparent:not(.sticky) .l-subheader{box-shadow:none!important;background:none}}@media (min-width:1381px){.l-header.shadow_thin .l-subheader.at_middle,.l-header.shadow_thin .l-subheader.at_bottom{box-shadow:0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.08)}}@media (min-width:1381px){:root{--header-height:80px;--header-sticky-height:60px}.l-header:before{content:'80'}}@media (min-width:1381px){.l-subheader.at_middle{line-height:80px;height:80px}}@media (min-width:1381px){.l-subheader.at_middle .l-subheader-cell.at_left,.l-subheader.at_middle .l-subheader-cell.at_right{display:flex;flex-basis:100px}}@media (min-width:1025px) and (max-width:1380px){.hidden_for_laptops{display:none!important}.l-subheader.at_top{display:none}.l-subheader.at_bottom{display:none}.l-header{position:relative;z-index:111;width:100%}.l-subheader{margin:0 auto}.l-subheader.width_full{padding-left:1.5rem;padding-right:1.5rem}.l-subheader-h{display:flex;align-items:center;position:relative;margin:0 auto;max-width:var(--site-content-width,1200px);height:inherit}.w-header-show{display:none}.l-header.pos_fixed{position:fixed;left:0}.l-header.pos_fixed:not(.notransition) .l-subheader{transition-property:transform,background,box-shadow,line-height,height;transition-duration:.3s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(.78,.13,.15,.86)}.headerinpos_bottom.sticky_first_section .l-header.pos_fixed{position:fixed!important}.header_hor .l-header.sticky_auto_hide{transition:transform .3s cubic-bezier(.78,.13,.15,.86) .1s}.header_hor .l-header.sticky_auto_hide.down{transform:translateY(-110%)}.l-header.bg_transparent:not(.sticky) .l-subheader{box-shadow:none!important;background:none}.l-header.bg_transparent~.l-main .l-section.width_full.height_auto:first-of-type>.l-section-h{padding-top:0!important;padding-bottom:0!important}.l-header.pos_static.bg_transparent{position:absolute;left:0}.l-subheader.width_full .l-subheader-h{max-width:none!important}.l-header.shadow_thin .l-subheader.at_middle,.l-header.shadow_thin .l-subheader.at_bottom{box-shadow:0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.08)}.l-header.shadow_wide .l-subheader.at_middle,.l-header.shadow_wide .l-subheader.at_bottom{box-shadow:0 3px 5px -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.1),0 2px 1px -1px rgba(0,0,0,0.05)}.header_hor .l-subheader-cell>.w-cart{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}:root{--header-height:80px;--header-sticky-height:60px}.l-header:before{content:'80'}.l-header.sticky:before{content:'60'}.l-subheader.at_top{line-height:40px;height:40px}.l-header.sticky .l-subheader.at_top{line-height:40px;height:40px}.l-subheader.at_middle{line-height:80px;height:80px}.l-header.sticky .l-subheader.at_middle{line-height:60px;height:60px}.l-subheader.at_bottom{line-height:50px;height:50px}.l-header.sticky .l-subheader.at_bottom{line-height:50px;height:50px}.l-subheader.at_middle .l-subheader-cell.at_left,.l-subheader.at_middle .l-subheader-cell.at_right{display:flex;flex-basis:100px}.headerinpos_above .l-header.pos_fixed{overflow:hidden;transition:transform 0.3s;transform:translate3d(0,-100%,0)}.headerinpos_above .l-header.pos_fixed.sticky{overflow:visible;transform:none}.headerinpos_above .l-header.pos_fixed~.l-section>.l-section-h,.headerinpos_above .l-header.pos_fixed~.l-main .l-section:first-of-type>.l-section-h{padding-top:0!important}.headerinpos_below .l-header.pos_fixed:not(.sticky){position:absolute;top:100%}.headerinpos_below .l-header.pos_fixed~.l-main>.l-section:first-of-type>.l-section-h{padding-top:0!important}.headerinpos_below .l-header.pos_fixed~.l-main .l-section.full_height:nth-of-type(2){min-height:100vh}.headerinpos_below .l-header.pos_fixed~.l-main>.l-section:nth-of-type(2)>.l-section-h{padding-top:var(--header-height)}.headerinpos_bottom .l-header.pos_fixed:not(.sticky){position:absolute;top:100vh}.headerinpos_bottom .l-header.pos_fixed~.l-main>.l-section:first-of-type>.l-section-h{padding-top:0!important}.headerinpos_bottom .l-header.pos_fixed~.l-main>.l-section:first-of-type>.l-section-h{padding-bottom:var(--header-height)}.headerinpos_bottom .l-header.pos_fixed.bg_transparent~.l-main .l-section.valign_center:not(.height_auto):first-of-type>.l-section-h{top:calc( var(--header-height) / 2 )}.headerinpos_bottom .l-header.pos_fixed:not(.sticky) .w-cart-dropdown,.headerinpos_bottom .l-header.pos_fixed:not(.sticky) .w-nav.type_desktop .w-nav-list.level_2{bottom:100%;transform-origin:0 100%}.headerinpos_bottom .l-header.pos_fixed:not(.sticky) .w-nav.type_mobile.m_layout_dropdown .w-nav-list.level_1{top:auto;bottom:100%;box-shadow:var(--box-shadow-up)}.headerinpos_bottom .l-header.pos_fixed:not(.sticky) .w-nav.type_desktop .w-nav-list.level_3,.headerinpos_bottom .l-header.pos_fixed:not(.sticky) .w-nav.type_desktop .w-nav-list.level_4{top:auto;bottom:0;transform-origin:0 100%}.headerinpos_bottom .l-header.pos_fixed:not(.sticky) .w-dropdown-list{top:auto;bottom:-0.4em;padding-top:0.4em;padding-bottom:2.4em}.admin-bar .l-header.pos_static.bg_solid~.l-main .l-section.full_height:first-of-type{min-height:calc( 100vh - var(--header-height) - 32px )}.admin-bar .l-header.pos_fixed:not(.sticky_auto_hide)~.l-main .l-section.full_height:not(:first-of-type){min-height:calc( 100vh - var(--header-sticky-height) - 32px )}.admin-bar.headerinpos_below .l-header.pos_fixed~.l-main .l-section.full_height:nth-of-type(2){min-height:calc(100vh - 32px)}}
@media (min-width:601px) and (max-width:1024px){}@media (min-width:601px) and (max-width:1024px){.l-header{position:relative;z-index:111;width:100%}.l-subheader{margin:0 auto}}@media (min-width:601px) and (max-width:1024px){.l-subheader-h{display:flex;align-items:center;position:relative;margin:0 auto;max-width:var(--site-content-width,1200px);height:inherit}.w-header-show{display:none}.l-header.pos_fixed{position:fixed;left:0}.l-header.pos_fixed:not(.notransition) .l-subheader{transition-property:transform,background,box-shadow,line-height,height;transition-duration:.3s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(.78,.13,.15,.86)}}@media (min-width:601px) and (max-width:1024px){.l-header.bg_transparent:not(.sticky) .l-subheader{box-shadow:none!important;background:none}}@media (min-width:601px) and (max-width:1024px){.l-header.shadow_thin .l-subheader.at_middle,.l-header.shadow_thin .l-subheader.at_bottom{box-shadow:0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.08)}}@media (min-width:601px) and (max-width:1024px){:root{--header-height:65px;--header-sticky-height:60px}.l-header:before{content:'65'}}@media (min-width:601px) and (max-width:1024px){.l-subheader.at_middle{line-height:65px;height:65px}}@media (min-width:601px) and (max-width:1024px){.l-subheader.at_middle .l-subheader-cell.at_left,.l-subheader.at_middle .l-subheader-cell.at_right{display:flex;flex-basis:100px}}@media (max-width:600px){}@media (max-width:600px){.l-header{position:relative;z-index:111;width:100%}.l-subheader{margin:0 auto}}@media (max-width:600px){.l-subheader-h{display:flex;align-items:center;position:relative;margin:0 auto;max-width:var(--site-content-width,1200px);height:inherit}.w-header-show{display:none}.l-header.pos_fixed{position:fixed;left:0}.l-header.pos_fixed:not(.notransition) .l-subheader{transition-property:transform,background,box-shadow,line-height,height;transition-duration:.3s;transition-timing-function:cubic-bezier(.78,.13,.15,.86)}}@media (max-width:600px){.l-header.bg_transparent:not(.sticky) .l-subheader{box-shadow:none!important;background:none}}@media (max-width:600px){.l-header.shadow_thin .l-subheader.at_middle,.l-header.shadow_thin .l-subheader.at_bottom{box-shadow:0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.08)}}@media (max-width:600px){:root{--header-height:60px;--header-sticky-height:60px}.l-header:before{content:'60'}}@media (max-width:600px){.l-subheader.at_middle{line-height:60px;height:60px}}@media (max-width:600px){.l-subheader.at_middle .l-subheader-cell.at_left,.l-subheader.at_middle .l-subheader-cell.at_right{display:flex;flex-basis:100px}}
</style>
<style class="bv-critical-css" bv-identifier="us-custom-css" id="us-custom-css">
.us_custom_1f257949{text-align:center}
@keyframes orbit{0%{transform:rotate(0deg) translateX(30px) rotate(0deg)}100%{transform:rotate(360deg) translateX(70px) rotate(-360deg)}}
@keyframes border-animation{0%{clip-path:inset(0% 100% 0% 0%)}25%{clip-path:inset(0% 0% 100% 0%)}50%{clip-path:inset(0% 0% 0% 100%)}75%{clip-path:inset(100% 0% 0% 0%)}100%{clip-path:inset(0% 100% 0% 0%)}}
a{color:#000; text-decoration:none}
.us_custom_1f257949{align-items:center!important;text-align:left!important}
.us_custom_8b3d6790{padding-bottom:25px}

</style>
<style class="bv-critical-css" bv-identifier="us-design-options-css" id="us-design-options-css">
.us_custom_f05bea1e{padding-left:0!important;padding-top:0!important}.us_custom_1f257949{text-align:left!important}
.us_custom_8b3d6790{color:var(--color-header-middle-bg)!important}.us_custom_eb849559{text-align:center!important}
.us_custom_a7382ece{padding:4rem!important}.us_custom_0fa416dc{padding-left:1.5rem!important;padding-top:2rem!important;padding-right:4rem!important;border-right-width:2px!important;border-right-style:solid!important}.us_custom_b79998ed{color:var(--color-content-primary)!important;font-size:40px!important;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif!important;font-weight:600!important}.us_custom_432d3f53{text-align:justify!important}
.us_custom_301c97b8{width:100%!important;padding-left:2rem!important}.us_custom_6d77bcef{width:100%!important;margin-left:0!important}.us_custom_b33cc2ad{text-align:center!important;font-size:21px!important;line-height:30px!important;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif!important;font-weight:600!important}.us_custom_4b4d5862{padding-top:0.5rem!important}
@media (min-width:1025px) and (max-width:1380px){.us_custom_a7382ece{padding:4rem!important}.us_custom_0fa416dc{padding-left:1.5rem!important;padding-top:2rem!important;padding-right:1.5rem!important;border-right-width:2px!important;border-right-style:solid!important}.us_custom_b79998ed{color:var(--color-content-primary)!important;font-size:35px!important;font-weight:600!important}.us_custom_e921c554{font-size:34px!important;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif!important;font-weight:700!important}.us_custom_e27137ef{color:#4abf9b!important;font-size:15px!important;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif!important;font-weight:700!important;margin-top:-2.5rem!important;padding-top:0.25rem!important;padding-bottom:0.25rem!important}.us_custom_ef2fdcbe{margin-bottom:1rem!important}.us_custom_f92321e3{text-align:center!important;font-size:15px!important;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif!important;font-weight:400!important;padding:1rem 2rem 1.25rem 2rem!important}.us_custom_301c97b8{padding-left:1rem!important}.us_custom_6d77bcef{margin-left:2rem!important}.us_custom_9ec5a893{padding:25px!important}.us_custom_44fb5517{margin-left:10px!important}.us_custom_f4274aeb{width:300px!important;margin-left:10px!important}.us_custom_5bca9c89{margin-left:10px!important}.us_custom_a3fba296{margin-left:10px!important}.us_custom_3682041f{margin-left:10px!important}.us_custom_a7968434{margin-top:-5px!important;padding-left:25px!important;padding-bottom:25px!important;padding-right:25px!important}.us_custom_caafad61{text-align:inherit!important;font-size:1.99rem!important;font-family:Trebuchet MS,Helvetica,sans-serif!important;font-weight:400!important;font-style:normal!important}.us_custom_dd386d0f{text-align:inherit!important;font-size:1.2rem!important;font-family:Trebuchet MS,Helvetica,sans-serif!important;font-weight:500!important}.us_custom_e7cb035e{text-align:inherit!important;font-size:1.2rem!important;font-family:Trebuchet MS,Helvetica,sans-serif!important;font-weight:500!important}}
@media (min-width:601px) and (max-width:1024px){.us_custom_a7382ece{padding:4rem 1.5rem 4rem 1.5rem!important}.us_custom_0fa416dc{padding-left:1.5rem!important;padding-top:2rem!important;padding-right:1.5rem!important;border-right-width:0px!important;border-right-style:solid!important}.us_custom_b79998ed{color:var(--color-content-primary)!important;font-size:35px!important;font-weight:600!important}}@media (min-width:601px) and (max-width:1024px){.us_custom_301c97b8{padding-left:0rem!important}}@media (max-width:600px){.us_custom_a7382ece{padding:4rem!important;margin:-1rem -2.75rem -4rem -2.75rem!important}.us_custom_0fa416dc{margin-left:-1.5rem!important;margin-top:-2rem!important;margin-right:-4rem!important;padding-left:1.5rem!important;padding-top:2rem!important;padding-right:4rem!important}.us_custom_b79998ed{color:var(--color-content-primary)!important;font-size:30px!important;font-weight:600!important}}@media (max-width:600px){.us_custom_301c97b8{margin-left:-4rem!important;padding-left:2rem!important}}
</style>
<style class="bv-critical-css" bv-identifier="ovza-nav-critical" id="ovza-nav-critical">
:root{--ovza-nav-height:85px;}.ovza-nav__mega{position:absolute;opacity:0;visibility:hidden;pointer-events:none;}.ovza-nav__drawer,.ovza-nav__overlay,.ovza-nav__mobile-toggle,.ovza-nav__mobile-open{display:none;}

</style>
<style class="bv-critical-css">
.vc_column-inner{width:100%}#page-header{z-index:999999!important}
@media screen and (max-width:600px){.l-section.wpb_row.us_custom_f05bea1e.height_small{padding-right:0}.w-post-elm.post_content.us_custom_432d3f53.custom-post-content{padding:0}}
</style>
<style class="bv-critical-css">
.audio-container {
            background-color: #f0f2f5;
            border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
            border-radius: 10px;
            box-shadow: 0 4px 8px #fff;
            padding: 20px;
            width: 100%;
            max-width: 100%;
            box-sizing: border-box;
        }
audio {
            width: 100%;
            outline: none;
        }
.audio-header {
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            margin-top: 0px !important;
            padding-left: 2rem;
        }
.audio-icon {
            background-color: #1db38d;
            border-radius: 50%;
            width: 45px;
            height: 45px;
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            justify-content: center;
            margin-right: 10px;
        }
.audio-icon svg {
            width: 24px;
            height: 24px;
            fill: #fff !important; /* White icon color */
        }
@media (max-width: 600px) {.audio-header {
                flex-direction: row;
                justify-content: center; /* Ensures center alignment */
                text-align: center;
                width: 100%;
            }}@media (max-width: 600px) {.audio-icon {
                margin-right: 10px;
                margin-left: -2rem;
            }}
</style>
<style class="bv-critical-css">
.sidebar {
  position: relative;
}
body .bd_toc_widget_floating,
body .bd_toc_container {
  z-index: 99998!important;
}

</style>
<style class="bv-critical-css">
@media (min-width:1025px) and (max-width:1380px){.layout_2279 .usg_btn_1{width:50%!important}}

</style>
<style class="bv-critical-css">
.bd_toc_widget_progress_bar {
            transition: width 0.3s ease-in-out;
        }

</style>
<style class="bv-critical-css" bv-identifier="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/lipis/flag-icons@7.0.0/css/flag-icons.min.css?ver=7.0.0" id="flag-icons-css">
.fib,.fi{background-size:contain;background-position:50%;background-repeat:no-repeat}.fi{position:relative;display:inline-block;width:1.333333em;line-height:1em}.fi:before{content:" "}
.fi-lr{background-image:url(https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/lipis/flag-icons@7.0.0/flags/4x3/lr.svg)}

</style>
<style class="bv-critical-css" bv-identifier="https://ovza.com/wp-content/plugins/OVZA-Header/assets/css/site-header.css?ver=2.1.6" id="ovza-site-header-css">
:root{
  --primary:#00B884;
  --primary-dark:#00966b;
  --text-main:#1F2937;
  --text-muted:#6B7280;
  --border:#E5E7EB;
  --accent-dark:#0f172a;
  --ovza-green:#00B884;
  --ovza-green-dark:#00966b;
  --ovza-white:#ffffff;
  --ovza-container:1200px;
  --nav-height:85px;
  --ovza-nav-height:85px;
  --font:'Poppins',-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,sans-serif;
  --transition-smooth:all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.16,1,0.3,1);
}
.ovza-nav,
.ovza-nav__drawer{
  font-family:var(--font);
}
.ovza-nav__link,
.ovza-nav__cta,
.ovza-nav__mega,
.ovza-nav__mega *,
.ovza-nav__drawer .ovza-accordion,
.ovza-nav__drawer .ovza-accordion *,
.ovza-nav__drawer .ovza-mobile-partner__link,
.ovza-nav__drawer .ovza-mobile-about__link,
.ovza-mobile-card,
.ovza-mobile-card *,
.ovza-mobile-country-list,
.ovza-mobile-country-list *{
  font-family:var(--font);
}
.ovza-nav *{
  box-sizing:border-box;
  margin:0;
  padding:0;
}
.ovza-nav a{
  color:inherit;
  text-decoration:none;
}
.ovza-nav{
  width:100vw;
  height:var(--nav-height);
  overflow:visible;
  z-index:9000;
  transition:var(--transition-smooth);
}
.ovza-nav--transparent{
  position:absolute;
  top:0;
  left:0;
  background:transparent;
  border:none;
  backdrop-filter:none;
  -webkit-backdrop-filter:none;
}
.ovza-nav--sticky{
  position:fixed;
  top:0;
  left:0;
  width:100%;
}
.ovza-nav__bar{
  position:relative;
  height:100%;
  max-width:var(--ovza-container);
  margin:0 auto;
  padding:0 2rem;
  display:flex;
  align-items:center;
  justify-content:space-between;
  gap:24px;
  overflow:visible;
}
.ovza-nav__left{
  display:flex;
  align-items:center;
  gap:34px;
  min-width:0;
  flex:1;
}
.ovza-nav__logo{
  flex:0 0 auto;
  display:flex;
  align-items:center;
}
.ovza-nav__logo img{
  width:130px;
  height:auto;
  object-fit:contain;
  transition:filter 0.3s ease;
}
.ovza-nav:not(.is-scrolled):not(.ovza-nav--filled) .ovza-nav__logo img{
  filter:brightness(0) invert(1);
}
.ovza-nav__desktop{
  display:flex;
  align-items:center;
  gap:4px;
  position:static;
}
.ovza-nav__item{
  position:static;
}
.ovza-nav__item--has-mega{
  position:static;
  padding-bottom:50px;
  margin-bottom:-50px;
}
.ovza-nav__link{
  height:40px;
  display:inline-flex;
  align-items:center;
  gap:6px;
  padding:0.5rem 1rem;
  margin:0 0.25rem;
  border-radius:6px;
  font-size:0.95rem;
  font-weight:500;
  transition:all 0.2s;
  white-space:nowrap;
  position:relative;
  z-index:1010;
  cursor:pointer;
  color:#fff;
  background:transparent;
  border:none;
  font-family:var(--font);
}
.ovza-nav__caret{
  display:inline-block;
  width:0;
  height:0;
  border-left:5px solid transparent;
  border-right:5px solid transparent;
  border-top:5px solid currentColor;
  transition:transform 0.2s;
  margin-left:2px;
  vertical-align:middle;
}
.ovza-nav__caret svg{
  display:none;
}
.ovza-nav__cta{
  flex:0 0 auto;
  display:inline-flex;
  align-items:center;
  justify-content:center;
  gap:6px;
  padding:10px 12px;
  border-radius:7px;
  background:var(--ovza-green);
  color:#fff;
  font-size:13px;
  font-weight:600;
  line-height:1.5;
  max-height:39px;
  text-decoration:none;
  white-space:nowrap;
  transition:transform 0.2s, background-color 0.2s, color 0.2s;
}
.ovza-nav__cta:hover,
.ovza-nav__cta:focus,
.ovza-nav__cta:active,
.ovza-nav__cta:visited,
a.ovza-nav__cta:hover,
a.ovza-nav__cta:focus,
a.ovza-nav__cta:active,
a.ovza-nav__cta:visited{
  background-color:var(--ovza-green-dark);
  color:#fff;
  transform:translateY(-1px);
}
.ovza-nav:not(.is-scrolled):not(.ovza-nav--filled) .ovza-nav__cta{
  background-color:var(--ovza-green);
  border:none;
  color:#fff;
}
.ovza-nav__cta--desktop,
.ovza-nav:not(.is-scrolled):not(.ovza-nav--filled) .ovza-nav__cta--desktop,
.ovza-nav.is-scrolled .ovza-nav__cta--desktop,
.ovza-nav--filled .ovza-nav__cta--desktop{
  background-color:transparent;
  background:transparent;
  border:none;
}
.ovza-nav:not(.is-scrolled):not(.ovza-nav--filled) .ovza-nav__cta--desktop{
  color:#fff;
}
.ovza-nav__tracker-wrap{
  position:relative;
  z-index:1200;
  line-height:1.5;
}
.ovza-nav__tracker-wrap .ovza-track-trigger,
.ovza-nav__tracker-wrap .ovza-track-trigger *{
  line-height:1.5;
}
.ovza-nav__tracker-wrap .ovza-track-trigger > svg,
.ovza-nav__tracker-wrap .ovza-track-trigger > img,
.ovza-nav__tracker-wrap .ovza-track-trigger > i,
.ovza-nav__tracker-wrap .ovza-track-trigger > .icon{
  width:16px;
  height:16px;
  max-width:16px;
  max-height:16px;
  flex-shrink:0;
}
.ovza-nav__mega{
  position:absolute;
  top:100%;
  left:0;
  width:100%;
  transform:translateY(10px);
  background-color:#ffffff;
  border-radius:0 0 12px 12px;
  box-shadow:0 20px 25px -5px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
  padding:1.5rem 2rem;
  opacity:0;
  visibility:hidden;
  pointer-events:none;
  transition:var(--transition-smooth);
  z-index:1005;
  color:var(--text-main);
  text-align:left;
  border-top:1px solid var(--border);
  max-height:calc(100vh - var(--nav-height) - 20px);
  overflow-y:auto;
  overflow-x:hidden;
  -webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;
}
.ovza-nav-int{
  max-width:1040px;
  margin:0 auto;
}
.ovza-mega__divider{
  border-top:1px solid var(--border);
  margin-top:1rem;
  padding-top:1rem;
}
.ovza-hcards{
  display:grid;
  gap:0.75rem;
  min-height:0;
}
.ovza-hcards--3{
  grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);
}
.ovza-hcards--2-tools{
  grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);
}
.ovza-hcards--2x2{
  grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);
}
.ovza-hcard{
  display:block;
  min-height:116px;
  padding:18px 18px 16px;
  border:1px solid var(--border);
  border-radius:12px;
  background-color:#ffffff;
  text-decoration:none;
  color:inherit;
  transition:transform .16s ease, box-shadow .16s ease;
}
.ovza-hcard__icon{
  background:transparent;
  color:inherit;
  width:40px;
  height:40px;
  padding:0;
  border-radius:0;
  display:inline-flex;
  align-items:center;
  justify-content:center;
  margin-bottom:14px;
  font-size:0;
}
.ovza-hcard__icon img,
.ovza-hcard__icon svg{
  display:block;
  width:40px;
  height:40px;
  object-fit:contain;
  filter:none;
}
.ovza-hcard__content{
  min-width:0;
}
.ovza-hcard__title{
  font-size:16px;
  font-weight:800;
  margin-bottom:8px;
  color:#000;
  line-height:1.35;
}
.ovza-hcard__text{
  font-size:14px;
  color:var(--text-muted);
  line-height:1.45;
}
.ovza-jurisdiction{
  display:grid;
  grid-template-columns:2.2fr 1fr 1fr;
  gap:1.5rem;
}
.ovza-jurisdiction__col + .ovza-jurisdiction__col{
  border-left:1px solid var(--border);
  padding-left:1rem;
}
.ovza-jurisdiction__list{
  list-style:none;
  display:grid;
  padding:0;
  margin:0;
}
.ovza-jurisdiction__list a{
  text-decoration:none;
  color:var(--text-main);
  font-size:14px;
  display:flex;
  align-items:center;
  gap:6px;
  padding:0.5rem 0;
  border-radius:4px;
  transition:all 0.2s;
  white-space:nowrap;
}
.ovza-flag-big{
  display:inline-block;
  flex-shrink:0;
  width:30px;
  height:auto;
  aspect-ratio:3 / 2;
  border-radius:0;
  box-shadow:0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
  vertical-align:middle;
  line-height:0;
}
span.ovza-flag-big{
  aspect-ratio:4 / 3;
  background-size:100% 100% !important;
  background-position:center !important;
  background-repeat:no-repeat !important;
}
img.ovza-flag-big,
.ovza-flag-big--img{
  aspect-ratio:auto;
  background:none !important;
  object-fit:contain;
}
.ovza-region-heading,
.ovza-section-heading{
  font-size:18px;
  font-weight:700;
  color:#000;
  margin-bottom:0.7rem;
  letter-spacing:-0.01em;
}
.ovza-jurisdiction__list--americas{
  display:block;
  column-count:2;
  column-gap:1.5rem;
}
.ovza-nav__mobile-toggle,
.ovza-nav__mobile-open,
.ovza-nav__drawer,
.ovza-nav__overlay{
  display:none;
}
.ovza-nav__mobile-open{
  width:42px;
  height:42px;
  align-items:center;
  justify-content:center;
  cursor:pointer;
  border-radius:10px;
  flex:0 0 auto;
  background:none;
  border:none;
  color:#fff;
  transition:color 0.3s ease;
}
.ovza-burger,
.ovza-close{
  position:relative;
  width:22px;
  height:22px;
  display:block;
}
.ovza-burger::before,
.ovza-burger::after,
.ovza-burger span{
  content:"";
  position:absolute;
  left:1px;
  right:1px;
  height:2px;
  border-radius:2px;
  background:currentColor;
}
.ovza-burger::before{ top:5px; }
.ovza-burger span{ top:10px; }
.ovza-burger::after{ top:15px; }
.ovza-close::before,
.ovza-close::after{
  content:"";
  position:absolute;
  top:10px;
  left:1px;
  right:1px;
  height:2px;
  border-radius:2px;
  background:currentColor;
}
.ovza-close::before{ transform:rotate(45deg); }
.ovza-close::after{ transform:rotate(-45deg); }
@media (max-width: 991px){}@media (max-width: 991px){:root{
    --ovza-nav-height:80px;
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-nav{
    height:80px;
    background:var(--ovza-white);
    box-shadow:inset 0 -1px 0 var(--border);
    backdrop-filter:none;
    -webkit-backdrop-filter:none;
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-nav--sticky{
    position:fixed;
    top:0;
    left:0;
    right:0;
    width:100%;
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-nav__bar{
    height:80px;
    padding:0 20px;
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-nav__logo img{
    width:118px;
    filter:none !important;
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-nav__desktop,
  .ovza-nav__cta--desktop{
    display:none;
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-nav__mobile-open{
    display:flex;
    color:var(--text-main);
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-nav--transparent:not(.is-scrolled){
    background:transparent;
    box-shadow:none;
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-nav--transparent:not(.is-scrolled) .ovza-nav__bar .ovza-nav__logo img{
    filter:brightness(0) invert(1) !important;
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-nav--transparent:not(.is-scrolled) .ovza-nav__mobile-open{
    color:#000;
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-nav__mobile-toggle{
    display:none;
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-nav__overlay{
    display:flex;
    position:fixed;
    inset:0;
    background:rgba(12,17,29,.35);
    opacity:0;
    visibility:hidden;
    transition:opacity .25s ease, visibility .25s ease;
    z-index:99998;
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-nav__drawer{
    display:flex;
    position:fixed;
    top:0;
    right:0;
    left:auto;
    width:min(100%, 502px);
    height:100vh;
    height:100dvh;
    max-height:100vh;
    max-height:100dvh;
    background:#fafbfc;
    /* Establish the drawer's own text color so its links don't
       inherit white (or anything else) from the host page when the
       header is rendered inside a dark/light-text WPBakery section.
       Without this, `.ovza-nav a{color:inherit}` (specificity 0,1,1)
       beats per-class color rules on the partner/about links. */
    color:var(--text-main);
    flex-direction:column;
    transform:translateX(100%);
    transition:transform .28s ease;
    z-index:99999;
    border-left:1px solid var(--border);
    overflow:hidden;
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-drawer__head{
    flex:0 0 auto;
    min-height:82px;
    display:flex;
    align-items:center;
    justify-content:space-between;
    padding:0 24px;
    border-bottom:1px solid var(--border);
    background:#fafbfc;
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-drawer__head img{
    width:118px;
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-drawer__head-actions{
    display:flex;
    align-items:center;
    gap:10px;
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-drawer__close{
    width:42px;
    height:42px;
    display:grid;
    place-items:center;
    color:var(--text-main);
    cursor:pointer;
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-drawer__body{
    flex:1 1 auto;
    min-height:0;
    overflow:auto;
    -webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;
    display:flex;
    flex-direction:column;
    background:#fafbfc;
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-accordion{
    border-bottom:1px solid var(--border);
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-accordion > summary{
    list-style:none;
    display:flex;
    align-items:center;
    justify-content:space-between;
    gap:12px;
    cursor:pointer;
    padding:22px 24px;
    font-size:15px;
    font-weight:600;
    color:var(--text-main);
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-accordion__arrow{
    width:42px;
    height:42px;
    display:grid;
    place-items:center;
    flex-shrink:0;
    transition:transform .22s ease;
    color:#8894b5;
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-accordion__arrow::after{
    content:"";
    width:10px;
    height:10px;
    border-right:2px solid currentColor;
    border-bottom:2px solid currentColor;
    transform:rotate(45deg);
    display:block;
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-accordion__panel{
    padding:18px 24px 22px;
    background:#f7f9fb;
    border-top:1px solid var(--border);
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-mobile-section-title{
    font-size:12px;
    font-weight:800;
    letter-spacing:.14em;
    text-transform:uppercase;
    color:var(--text-muted);
    margin-bottom:12px;
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-mobile-cards{
    display:grid;
    gap:12px;
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-mobile-card{
    min-height:72px;
    border:1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius:12px;
    background:#fff;
    padding:14px 16px;
    display:flex;
    align-items:center;
    gap:12px;
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-mobile-card__icon{
    width:30px;
    height:30px;
    border-radius:0;
    background:transparent;
    color:inherit;
    display:grid;
    place-items:center;
    flex:0 0 30px;
    font-size:0;
    font-weight:400;
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-mobile-card__icon img{
    display:block;
    width:30px;
    height:30px;
    object-fit:contain;
    filter:none;
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-mobile-card__text{
    min-width:0;
    flex:1;
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-mobile-card__title{
    font-size:15px;
    line-height:1.25;
    font-weight:600;
    margin-bottom:3px;
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-mobile-card__desc{
    font-size:13px;
    line-height:1.35;
    color:var(--text-muted);
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-mobile-card__desc{
    display:none;
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-mobile-card__chev{
    color:#9ba7c2;
    font-size:22px;
    line-height:1;
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-mobile-country-group + .ovza-mobile-country-group{
    margin-top:16px;
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-mobile-country-title{
    font-size:12px;
    font-weight:800;
    letter-spacing:.14em;
    text-transform:uppercase;
    color:var(--text-muted);
    margin-bottom:8px;
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-mobile-country-list{
    list-style:none;
    display:grid;
    margin:0;
    padding:0;
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-mobile-country-list a{
    display:flex;
    align-items:center;
    justify-content:space-between;
    gap:12px;
    padding:10px 0;
    font-size:15px;
    font-weight:600;
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-mobile-country-left{
    display:flex;
    align-items:center;
    gap:6px;
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-mobile-country-right{
    color:#c4cbd8;
    font-size:22px;
    line-height:1;
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-mobile-partner,
  .ovza-mobile-about{
    border-bottom:1px solid var(--border);
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-mobile-partner__link,
  .ovza-mobile-about__link{
    display:flex;
    align-items:center;
    justify-content:space-between;
    gap:12px;
    padding:22px 24px;
    font-size:15px;
    font-weight:600;
    color:var(--text-main);
    text-decoration:none;
    transition:color 0.2s;
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-drawer__footer{
    flex:0 0 auto;
    padding:14px 24px max(14px, env(safe-area-inset-bottom));
    border-top:1px solid var(--border);
    background:#fafbfc;
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-nav__cta--mobile,
  .ovza-nav .ovza-nav__cta--mobile,
  .ovza-nav--cta-outline-transparent .ovza-nav__cta--mobile{
    width:100%;
    height:47px;
    border-radius:7px;
    font-size:17px;
    font-weight:800;
    display:flex;
    align-items:center;
    justify-content:center;
    background:var(--ovza-green) !important;
    border:none !important;
    color:#fff !important;
    transition:background 0.15s ease;
  }}@media (max-width: 991px){.ovza-nav__cta--mobile:hover,
  .ovza-nav__cta--mobile:active,
  .ovza-nav__cta--mobile:focus,
  .ovza-nav__cta--mobile:visited,
  a.ovza-nav__cta--mobile:hover,
  a.ovza-nav__cta--mobile:active,
  a.ovza-nav__cta--mobile:focus,
  a.ovza-nav__cta--mobile:visited{
    background:var(--ovza-green-dark) !important;
    color:#fff !important;
  }}@media (max-width: 640px){}@media (max-width: 640px){.ovza-nav__bar{
    padding:0 16px;
    height:78px;
  }}@media (max-width: 640px){.ovza-nav__drawer{
    width:100%;
  }}@media (max-width: 640px){.ovza-drawer__head{
    padding:0 18px;
  }}@media (max-width: 640px){.ovza-accordion > summary{
    padding:20px 18px;
    font-size:16px;
  }}@media (max-width: 640px){.ovza-accordion__panel{
    padding:16px 18px 20px;
  }}@media (max-width: 640px){.ovza-drawer__footer{
    padding:16px 18px 18px;
  }}@media (max-width: 640px){.ovza-mobile-card{
    padding:12px;
  }}
</style>
<style class="bv-critical-css" bv-identifier="https://ovza.com/wp-content/plugins/ovza-order-tracker-2/assets/css/tracker.css?ver=1.4.2" id="ovza-tracker-css-css">
:root {
    --ovza-primary: #10B981;
    --ovza-primary-dark: #059669;
    --ovza-primary-light: #ecfdf5;
    --ovza-text: #0F172A;
    --ovza-text-light: #64748B;
    --ovza-text-muted: #94a3b8;
    --ovza-border: #e2e8f0;
    --ovza-bg: #F9FAFB;
    --ovza-white: #fff;
    --ovza-success: #10b981;
    --ovza-error: #ef4444;
    --ovza-warning: #f59e0b;
}
.ovza-modal {
    position: fixed;
    inset: 0;
    z-index: 9999;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    padding: 20px;
    animation: ovzaFadeIn 0.3s ease;
    font-family: 'Inter', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;
    overflow-y: auto; /* Allow scrolling */
}
@keyframes ovzaFadeIn {
    from { opacity: 0; }
    to { opacity: 1; }
}
@keyframes ovzaSlideUp {
    from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(20px) scale(0.95); }
    to { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0) scale(1); }
}
.ovza-modal-content {
    position: relative;
    background: #fff;
    background: var(--ovza-white, #fff);
    border-radius: 32px;
    padding: 48px;
    max-width: 480px;
    width: 100%;
    max-height: calc(100vh - 40px); /* Prevent overflow */
    overflow-y: auto; /* Allow internal scrolling */
    box-shadow: 0 25px 50px -12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25);
    border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;
    border-color: var(--ovza-border, #e2e8f0);
    animation: ovzaSlideUp 0.5s ease;
    color: #0F172A;
    color: var(--ovza-text, #0F172A);
    margin: auto; /* Center vertically when scrolling */
}
@media (max-width: 768px) {.ovza-modal {
        padding: 10px;
        align-items: flex-start; /* Start from top on mobile */
    }}.ovza-form-section {
    padding-top: 20px;
}
.ovza-form-group {
    margin-bottom: 20px;
}
.ovza-form-group input {
    width: 100%;
    padding: 14px 16px;
    border: 1px solid var(--ovza-border);
    border-radius: 12px;
    font-size: 15px;
    font-weight: 500;
    background: var(--ovza-bg);
    transition: all 0.2s;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    color: var(--ovza-text);
}
.ovza-btn-primary {
    width: 100%;
    padding: 16px 24px;
    background: var(--ovza-primary);
    color: var(--ovza-white);
    border: none;
    border-radius: 7px;
    font-size: 15px;
    font-weight: 700;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.2s;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.1);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 8px;
}
button.ovza-track-trigger.ovza-btn-primary {
    width: auto;
    padding: 8px 8px 8px 10px;
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 600;
    background: white;
    color: #10b981;
    border: 2px solid #10b981;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.1);
    gap: 6px;
}
#ovza-captcha-challenge {
    background: var(--ovza-primary-light);
    border: 2px solid var(--ovza-primary);
    border-radius: 12px;
    padding: 16px;
    margin-top: 8px;
}
#ovza-captcha-answer {
    width: 100%;
    padding: 14px 16px;
    border: 2px solid var(--ovza-primary);
    border-radius: 10px;
    font-size: 18px;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-align: center;
    background: var(--ovza-white);
    transition: all 0.2s;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    color: var(--ovza-text);
}
@keyframes ovzaPulse {
    0%, 100% { opacity: 1; }
    50% { opacity: 0.7; }
}
@keyframes ovzaPing {
    0% { transform: scale(1); opacity: 1; }
    100% { transform: scale(1.5); opacity: 0; }
}
.ovza-track-trigger {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
}
.ovza-track-trigger.ovza-btn-primary {
    padding: 14px 17px;
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 400;
}

</style>
<style class="bv-critical-css" bv-identifier="https://ovza.com/wp-content/plugins/Ultimate_VC_Addons/assets/min-css/background-style.min.css?ver=3.21.3" id="ultimate-vc-addons-background-style-css">
.upb_row_bg,.upb_video-bg,.vcpb-fs-jquery{overflow:hidden}
.upb_video_class,.wpb_column,.wpb_row{position:relative}.upb_row_bg{position:absolute;width:100%;height:100%;background-position:center center;top:0;bottom:0;right:0;left:0;z-index:0}
@-webkit-keyframes MultiColorVC{0%{background-color:#e14949}25%{background-color:#3de02c}50%{background-color:#2c8de0}100%{background-color:#e02cbc}}
@keyframes MultiColorVC{0%{background-color:#e14949}25%{background-color:#3de02c}50%{background-color:#2c8de0}100%{background-color:#e02cbc}}
@media (min-width:768px)and (max-width:991px){.uvc_hidden-sm{display:none!important}}
@media (min-width:1824px){.uvc_hidden-lg{display:none!important}}

</style>


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\n    <meta charset=\"UTF-8\">\n    <meta name=\"viewport\" content=\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0\">\n     <style>\n        .audio-container {\n            background-color: #f0f2f5;\n            border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;\n            border-radius: 10px;\n            box-shadow: 0 4px 8px #fff;\n            padding: 20px;\n            width: 100%;\n            max-width: 100%;\n            box-sizing: border-box;\n        }\n\n        audio {\n            width: 100%;\n            outline: none;\n        }\n\n        .audio-header {\n            display: flex;\n            align-items: center;\n            margin-top: 0px !important;\n            padding-left: 2rem;\n        }\n\n        .audio-icon {\n            background-color: #1db38d;\n            border-radius: 50%;\n            width: 45px;\n            height: 45px;\n            display: flex;\n            align-items: center;\n            justify-content: center;\n            margin-right: 10px;\n        }\n\n        .audio-icon svg {\n            width: 24px;\n            height: 24px;\n            fill: #fff !important; \/* White icon color *\/\n        }\n\n        .audio-title {\n            font-weight: normal;\n            color: #000;\n            font-size: 18px;\n        }\n\n        \/* Media query for mobile devices *\/\n         @media (max-width: 600px) {\n     .audio-header {\n                flex-direction: row;\n                justify-content: center; \/* Ensures center alignment *\/\n                text-align: center;\n                width: 100%;\n            }\n\n            .audio-icon {\n                margin-right: 10px;\n                margin-left: -2rem;\n            }\n\n            .audio-title {\n                margin-top: 0;\n            }\n        }\n    <\/style>\n<\/head>\n\n    <div class=\"audio-container\">\n        <audio controls>\n            <source src=\"https:\/\/ovza.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Offshore-Trusts-Under-Common-Law.mp3\" type=\"audio\/mpeg\">\n            \n        <\/audio>\n        <div class=\"audio-header\">\n            <div class=\"audio-icon\">\n                <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\" data-prefix=\"fas\" data-icon=\"headphones\"\n                     xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n                    <path\n                          d=\"M256 32C114.52 32 0 146.496 0 288v48a32 32 0 0 0 17.689 28.622l14.383 7.191C34.083 431.903 83.421 480 144 480h24c13.255 0 24-10.745 24-24V280c0-13.255-10.745-24-24-24h-24c-31.342 0-59.671 12.879-80 33.627V288c0-105.869 86.131-192 192-192s192 86.131 192 192v1.627C427.671 268.879 399.342 256 368 256h-24c-13.255 0-24 10.745-24 24v176c0 13.255 10.745 24 24 24h24c60.579 0 109.917-48.098 111.928-108.187l14.382-7.191A32 32 0 0 0 512 336v-48c0-141.479-114.496-256-256-256z\">\n                    <\/path>\n                <\/svg>\n            <\/div>\n           \n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n\n<\/html><\/div><div class=\"w-separator size_small\"><\/div><div class=\"wpb_text_column us_custom_1f257949 postdata\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p>Offshore trusts under common law rely on fiduciary duties, asset protection statutes, and cross-border legal enforceability.These offshore trusts continue to play a significant role in international wealth structuring, estate planning, and asset protection. At their core, offshore trusts function according to foundational principles derived from English equity jurisprudence, where the bifurcation of legal and beneficial ownership enables the settlor to transfer assets into a trust while separating control from benefit. This division is legally recognized and enforceable under common law systems, making these trusts attractive for multijurisdictional estate and asset arrangements.<\/p>\n<h2 id='legal-nature-and-historical-foundation'  id=\"boomdevs_1\"><b>Legal Nature and Historical Foundation<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>The structure of an offshore trust is fundamentally grounded in three legal elements: the settlor, who creates the trust and contributes the assets; the trustee, who holds legal title and manages the trust in accordance with fiduciary duties; and the beneficiary, who enjoys the beneficial interest under the terms of the trust instrument. In offshore jurisdictions such as the <a href=\"https:\/\/ovza.com\/country-guides\/british-virgin-islands\/\">British Virgin Islands<\/a>, and the <a href=\"https:\/\/ovza.com\/country-guides\/cayman-islands\/\">Cayman Islands<\/a>, these arrangements are reinforced by local trust statutes that codify long-standing common law doctrines while providing additional asset protection measures not typically found in onshore legal systems.<\/p>\n<p>The concept of the offshore trust has evolved significantly from its historical antecedents in English law, particularly through the influence of the<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legislation.gov.uk\/ukpga\/Geo5\/15-16\/19\/contents\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Trustee Act 1925<\/a> and the development of case law that delineates fiduciary obligations and trust administration. These common law principles have been selectively adopted and modified by offshore jurisdictions to support international structuring needs, often incorporating statutory non-recognition of foreign forced heirship claims or judgments inconsistent with local trust law.<\/p>\n<p>One of the core advantages of the offshore trust under common law is its flexibility. Discretionary trusts, purpose trusts, and reserved powers trusts allow settlors and trustees to customize the administration of assets while preserving the fundamental legal architecture of the trust. For instance, in jurisdictions such as Nevis, legislation permits the establishment of asset protection trusts that immunize trust property from certain types of creditor claims and legal challenges, provided the trust was not created with the intent to defraud.<\/p>\n<p>The offshore trust regime is also intertwined with issues of transparency, reporting, and regulatory compliance. While the trust structure itself remains a private legal relationship, developments such as the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/tax\/automatic-exchange\/common-reporting-standard\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">OECD\u2019s Common Reporting Standard (CRS)<\/a> and the expansion of ultimate beneficial ownership (UBO) registers have led to increased disclosure obligations for trustees. Nonetheless, in many common law-based offshore jurisdictions, trusts are not publicly registered, preserving a degree of confidentiality that distinguishes them from corporate structures.<\/p>\n<p>In commercial and family planning contexts, the <a href=\"https:\/\/ovza.com\/blog\/how-offshore-companies-protect-trademarks-and-ip\/\">offshore trust<\/a> is often used alongside offshore companies or foundations to hold shares, manage intellectual property rights, or direct succession outcomes in a manner that avoids probate and cross-border inheritance conflicts. These layered structures rely heavily on the legal predictability and historical legitimacy of the trust concept within common law systems.<\/p>\n<h2 id='fiduciary-duties-and-trust-governance-in-offshore-jurisdictions'  id=\"boomdevs_2\"><b>Fiduciary Duties and Trust Governance in Offshore Jurisdictions<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>The enforceability and legitimacy of offshore trusts under common law depend largely on the governance of fiduciary duties by the appointed trustee. The trustee\u2019s role, derived from equitable principles developed in English courts, is central to the administration of the trust and must be executed with loyalty, prudence, impartiality, and accountability. Offshore jurisdictions with a common law foundation, such as Belize, have developed statutory trust regimes that reflect these fiduciary standards while allowing for structural enhancements tailored to international clients.<\/p>\n<p>In Belize, trust law is shaped by the Belize Trusts Act, which incorporates traditional English legal doctrines but goes further by providing enhanced asset protection features. This includes the non-recognition of foreign judgments regarding matrimonial property or creditor claims, provided that the trust was not created with the intent to defraud. Such legislative provisions are instrumental in solidifying Belize\u2019s position as a jurisdiction where offshore trusts may be used for lawful asset segregation, inheritance planning, and creditor shielding.<\/p>\n<p>The trustee\u2019s fiduciary responsibilities must be understood in relation to both the settlor\u2019s intent and the legal duties imposed by the trust deed and the law of the jurisdiction. In common law-based systems like Belize, trustees must act solely in the interest of the beneficiaries, avoid self-dealing, maintain proper accounts, and manage trust assets with the care of a prudent person. The doctrine of the duty to act prudently was reaffirmed in <i>Nestle v National Westminster Bank plc<\/i> [1992] EWCA Civ 12, which remains persuasive authority in offshore trust litigation.<\/p>\n<p>Importantly, many offshore trust instruments grant the settlor reserved powers, such as the right to appoint or remove trustees, veto investment decisions, or amend trust terms. While such clauses enhance control, they also raise questions about the independence of the trustee and the risk of recharacterizing the trust as a mere nominee arrangement. Belize\u2019s statutory regime accommodates reserved powers trusts, but trustees must still exercise independent judgment and avoid mechanical obedience to settlor instructions that conflict with fiduciary duties.<\/p>\n<p>Offshore trust governance is also impacted by the growing demands of international compliance regimes. Trustees in jurisdictions like Belize are increasingly required to satisfy anti-money laundering (AML) obligations, conduct customer due diligence (CDD), and cooperate with information exchange initiatives such as the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fatf-gafi.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Financial Action Task Force (FATF)<\/a>. However, compliance with these obligations does not alter the internal legal obligations of the trustee, which remain governed by trust law and equity.<\/p>\n<p>Legal disputes involving offshore trusts under common law often center on breaches of fiduciary duty, improper exercise of discretion, or conflicts between beneficiaries. Courts in jurisdictions like Belize are empowered to provide equitable remedies, including removal of trustees, orders for accountings, and directions for the administration of trust property. In addition, non-contentious proceedings may be initiated to seek judicial advice on complex matters of trust interpretation or discretionary distributions.<\/p>\n<p>The offshore trust, when established and administered within the confines of common law fiduciary norms, serves as a legally resilient vehicle capable of holding diversified assets, spanning across bank accounts, real estate, securities, and even intellectual property. The flexibility inherent in common law trusts permits these arrangements to adapt to evolving family dynamics, regulatory frameworks, and international mobility without sacrificing legal certainty or enforceability.<\/p>\n<h2 id='offshore-trusts-and-cross-border-legal-considerations'  id=\"boomdevs_3\"><b>Offshore Trusts and Cross-Border Legal Considerations<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>Offshore trusts created under common law systems are frequently designed to function across borders, yet their effectiveness relies on the careful coordination of conflict of law principles, recognition rules, and asset enforcement frameworks. When a trust is formed in a jurisdiction like Saint Lucia or Seychelles, its interaction with foreign courts and creditors depends on whether the trust&#8217;s governing law will be upheld and the extent to which local protections resist foreign legal claims.<\/p>\n<p>Under common law, the governing law of the trust is generally respected so long as the trust is validly created under the laws of the offshore jurisdiction. For example, in Seychelles, the International Trusts Act provides express rules that deny enforcement of foreign judgments if they contravene Seychelles public policy or attempt to override local asset protection provisions. This principle is often reinforced by statutory non-recognition clauses, which serve to insulate the trust from forced heirship rules, community property regimes, or creditor claims arising under foreign law.<\/p>\n<p>However, offshore trusts are not immune to legal challenges in courts outside their jurisdiction of creation. In jurisdictions that do not recognize trusts\u2014such as civil law countries\u2014the offshore trustee may face difficulties asserting title or defending against claims unless a treaty or statute allows for recognition. The Hague Convention on the Law Applicable to Trusts and on their Recognition (1985) addresses these issues, but only applies in states that have ratified the treaty. Neither Saint Vincent and the Grenadines nor the Marshall Islands are party to the convention, so recognition in such cases is handled through private international law doctrines or judicial comity.<\/p>\n<p>Further complexity arises when trust assets are held outside the offshore jurisdiction. For example, if a Saint Kitts trust holds bank accounts or securities in Europe, the ability to protect those assets from enforcement will depend on whether the European court respects the trust structure, the identity of the trustee, and the nature of the beneficiary\u2019s interest. These legal uncertainties underscore the importance of jurisdictional asset planning and legal opinions when trusts are used to hold property abroad.<\/p>\n<p>Another cross-border consideration involves taxation. While many offshore jurisdictions such as Belize, Anguilla, and Saint Lucia impose no local taxes on international trusts, tax liability may arise in the settlor\u2019s or beneficiary\u2019s country of residence. Trust structures involving U.S. persons, U.K. residents, or EU tax residents must be carefully reviewed in light of controlled foreign corporation (CFC) rules, settlor-beneficiary attribution doctrines, and mandatory disclosure regimes like the EU\u2019s DAC6. The failure to properly classify the trust under local tax laws may trigger penalties, audits, or adverse tax consequences for the parties involved.<\/p>\n<p>Despite these challenges, offshore trusts governed by common law continue to be relied upon in international succession, charitable foundations, and cross-border asset strategies. When combined with <a href=\"https:\/\/ovza.com\/blog\/offshore-companies-for-asset-protection\/\">offshore companies<\/a> and modern legal drafting, trusts offer intergenerational continuity, dispute avoidance, and privacy mechanisms that are otherwise unavailable in many civil law systems.<\/p>\n<p>As legal standards evolve, offshore jurisdictions under common law\u2014such as Saint Lucia, Seychelles, and the British Virgin Islands\u2014remain at the forefront of trust innovation. Their ability to harmonize traditional equity principles with modern legislation allows for flexible and secure arrangements that withstand jurisdictional scrutiny while meeting contemporary planning needs. The continued recognition of offshore trusts in commercial and legal practice affirms their enduring role in transnational private law.<\/p>\n<h2 id='conclusion'  id=\"boomdevs_4\"><b>Conclusion<\/b><\/h2>\n<p>Offshore trusts under common law remain a sophisticated and adaptable legal instrument, deeply rooted in equity jurisprudence and refined through statutory innovation in jurisdictions such as Seychelles, Belize, Saint Lucia, and the British Virgin Islands. Their legal validity depends on strict adherence to common law trust principles, including the separation of legal and beneficial ownership, the enforceability of fiduciary duties, and the formalities required to constitute the trust.<\/p>\n<p>When properly structured, an offshore trust serves not merely as a wealth planning tool but as a durable mechanism for protecting assets, managing succession, and navigating multi-jurisdictional legal systems. Offshore jurisdictions that uphold the integrity of the trust relationship while reinforcing legal certainty through non-recognition statutes and trustee protections offer a compelling environment for international clients seeking long-term legal stability.<\/p>\n<p>Despite increasing global compliance pressures and varying recognition across foreign courts, offshore trusts continue to demonstrate resilience. Their legal design\u2014when paired with informed drafting, careful asset placement, and trustee governance aligned with fiduciary obligations\u2014ensures they remain legally effective and enforceable under the prevailing standards of common law.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"w-separator size_small\"><\/div><div class=\"g-cols wpb_row us_custom_23d78c9b hide_on_default hide_on_laptops via_grid cols_1 laptops-cols_inherit tablets-cols_inherit mobiles-cols_1 valign_middle type_default stacking_default\" style=\"--gap:3rem;\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><h3 class=\"w-text us_custom_c57c2555 has_text_color hide_on_default hide_on_laptops\"><span class=\"w-text-h\"><span class=\"w-text-value\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/span><\/span><\/h3><div class=\"w-tabs us_custom_6a9b8108 style_default switch_click accordion has_scrolling\" style=\"--sections-title-size:inherit\"><div class=\"w-tabs-sections titles-align_none icon_plus cpos_right\"><div class=\"w-tabs-section\" id=\"d581\"><button class=\"w-tabs-section-header\" aria-controls=\"content-d581\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"w-tabs-section-title\">What Is an Offshore Trust?<\/div><div class=\"w-tabs-section-control\"><\/div><\/button><div  class=\"w-tabs-section-content\" id=\"content-d581\"><div class=\"w-tabs-section-content-h i-cf\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column us_custom_07051a4e\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p>An offshore trust is a legal arrangement where assets are held by a trustee for beneficiaries under the laws of an offshore jurisdiction. It separates legal and beneficial ownership for estate planning and asset protection.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"w-tabs-section\" id=\"k6c5\"><button class=\"w-tabs-section-header\" aria-controls=\"content-k6c5\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"w-tabs-section-title\">Why Use Common Law Trusts?<\/div><div class=\"w-tabs-section-control\"><\/div><\/button><div  class=\"w-tabs-section-content\" id=\"content-k6c5\"><div class=\"w-tabs-section-content-h i-cf\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column us_custom_07051a4e\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p>Common law trusts are based on English equity principles and offer strong fiduciary protections. They are ideal for multijurisdictional estate structuring and succession planning.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"w-tabs-section\" id=\"z7f2\"><button class=\"w-tabs-section-header\" aria-controls=\"content-z7f2\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"w-tabs-section-title\">Are Offshore Trusts Public?<\/div><div class=\"w-tabs-section-control\"><\/div><\/button><div  class=\"w-tabs-section-content\" id=\"content-z7f2\"><div class=\"w-tabs-section-content-h i-cf\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column us_custom_07051a4e\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p>No, offshore trusts are generally private and not publicly registered. However, trustees must comply with disclosure rules like CRS and AML obligations.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"w-tabs-section\" id=\"t916\"><button class=\"w-tabs-section-header\" aria-controls=\"content-t916\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"w-tabs-section-title\">Can Creditors Access Trust Assets?<\/div><div class=\"w-tabs-section-control\"><\/div><\/button><div  class=\"w-tabs-section-content\" id=\"content-t916\"><div class=\"w-tabs-section-content-h i-cf\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column us_custom_07051a4e\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p>In many jurisdictions, offshore trusts block foreign creditor claims through statutory non-recognition. This protection applies unless the trust was created to defraud.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"w-tabs-section\" id=\"ua2e\"><button class=\"w-tabs-section-header\" aria-controls=\"content-ua2e\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"w-tabs-section-title\">Do Settlors Keep Control?<\/div><div class=\"w-tabs-section-control\"><\/div><\/button><div  class=\"w-tabs-section-content\" id=\"content-ua2e\"><div class=\"w-tabs-section-content-h i-cf\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column us_custom_07051a4e\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p>Settlors may retain certain powers like appointing trustees, but excessive control can undermine the trust. Reserved powers must not override fiduciary independence.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"w-tabs-section\" id=\"sb51\"><button class=\"w-tabs-section-header\" aria-controls=\"content-sb51\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"w-tabs-section-title\">How Are Offshore Trusts Taxed?<\/div><div class=\"w-tabs-section-control\"><\/div><\/button><div  class=\"w-tabs-section-content\" id=\"content-sb51\"><div class=\"w-tabs-section-content-h i-cf\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column us_custom_07051a4e\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p>Most offshore jurisdictions impose no local tax on trusts. However, settlors or beneficiaries may still face tax in their home countries under CFC or attribution rules.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"l-section wpb_row hide_on_tablets hide_on_mobiles height_small\"><div class=\"l-section-h i-cf\"><div class=\"g-cols vc_row via_grid cols_1-4-1 laptops-cols_inherit tablets-cols_inherit mobiles-cols_1 valign_top type_default stacking_default\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><h3 class=\"w-text us_custom_c57c2555 has_text_color\"><span class=\"w-text-h\"><span class=\"w-text-value\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/span><\/span><\/h3><div class=\"w-tabs us_custom_57af4b14 style_default switch_click accordion has_scrolling\" style=\"--sections-title-size:inherit\"><div class=\"w-tabs-sections titles-align_none icon_plus cpos_right\"><div class=\"w-tabs-section\" id=\"wed4\"><button class=\"w-tabs-section-header\" aria-controls=\"content-wed4\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"w-tabs-section-title\">What Is an Offshore Trust?<\/div><div class=\"w-tabs-section-control\"><\/div><\/button><div  class=\"w-tabs-section-content\" id=\"content-wed4\"><div class=\"w-tabs-section-content-h i-cf\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column us_custom_07051a4e\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p>An offshore trust is a legal arrangement where assets are held by a trustee for beneficiaries under the laws of an offshore jurisdiction. It separates legal and beneficial ownership for estate planning and asset protection.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"w-tabs-section\" id=\"e016\"><button class=\"w-tabs-section-header\" aria-controls=\"content-e016\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"w-tabs-section-title\">Why Use Common Law Trusts?<\/div><div class=\"w-tabs-section-control\"><\/div><\/button><div  class=\"w-tabs-section-content\" id=\"content-e016\"><div class=\"w-tabs-section-content-h i-cf\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column us_custom_07051a4e\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p>Common law trusts are based on English equity principles and offer strong fiduciary protections. They are ideal for multijurisdictional estate structuring and succession planning.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"w-tabs-section\" id=\"e14a\"><button class=\"w-tabs-section-header\" aria-controls=\"content-e14a\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"w-tabs-section-title\">Are Offshore Trusts Public?<\/div><div class=\"w-tabs-section-control\"><\/div><\/button><div  class=\"w-tabs-section-content\" id=\"content-e14a\"><div class=\"w-tabs-section-content-h i-cf\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column us_custom_07051a4e\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p>No, offshore trusts are generally private and not publicly registered. However, trustees must comply with disclosure rules like CRS and AML obligations.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"w-tabs-section\" id=\"g268\"><button class=\"w-tabs-section-header\" aria-controls=\"content-g268\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"w-tabs-section-title\">Can Creditors Access Trust Assets?<\/div><div class=\"w-tabs-section-control\"><\/div><\/button><div  class=\"w-tabs-section-content\" id=\"content-g268\"><div class=\"w-tabs-section-content-h i-cf\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column us_custom_07051a4e\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p>In many jurisdictions, offshore trusts block foreign creditor claims through statutory non-recognition. This protection applies unless the trust was created to defraud.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"w-tabs-section\" id=\"w3aa\"><button class=\"w-tabs-section-header\" aria-controls=\"content-w3aa\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><div class=\"w-tabs-section-title\">Do Settlors Keep Control?<\/div><div class=\"w-tabs-section-control\"><\/div><\/button><div  class=\"w-tabs-section-content\" id=\"content-w3aa\"><div class=\"w-tabs-section-content-h i-cf\"><div class=\"wpb_text_column us_custom_07051a4e\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p>Settlors may retain certain powers like appointing trustees, but excessive control can undermine the trust. Reserved powers must not override fiduciary independence.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section><section class=\"l-section wpb_row height_small\"><div class=\"l-section-h i-cf\"><div class=\"g-cols vc_row via_grid cols_1 laptops-cols_inherit tablets-cols_inherit mobiles-cols_1 valign_top type_default stacking_default\"><div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container\"><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"w-html\"><style>\n.postdata h1, .postdata h2, .postdata h3, .postdata h4, .postdata h5, .postdata h6{\ncolor:#1db38d!important;\nfont-size:x-large;}\n<\/style><\/div><div class=\"wpb_text_column us_custom_e3e7975b\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\"><p data-pm-slice=\"1 1 &#091;&#093;\"><em><span style=\"font-weight: 550;\">Disclaimer:<\/span> The information provided on this website is intended for general reference and educational purposes only. While OVZA makes every effort to ensure accuracy and timeliness, the content should not be considered legal, financial, or tax advice.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"w-text us_custom_f88b33b2\"><span class=\"w-text-h\"><span class=\"w-text-value\">Share this article<\/span><\/span><\/div><div class=\"w-socials us_custom_165216c9 fixicons color_brand shape_circle style_outlined hover_slide\" style=\"--gap:0.25em;\"><div class=\"w-socials-list\"><div class=\"w-socials-item facebook\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/sharer\/sharer.php?u=https:\/\/ovza.com\/offshore-entities-and-international-trade-law\" class=\"w-socials-item-link\" title=\"Facebook\" aria-label=\"Facebook\"><span class=\"w-socials-item-link-hover\"><\/span><i class=\"fab fa-facebook\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><div class=\"w-socials-item twitter\"><a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/intent\/tweet?url=https:\/\/ovza.com\/offshore-entities-and-international-trade-law\" class=\"w-socials-item-link\" title=\"Twitter\" aria-label=\"Twitter\"><span class=\"w-socials-item-link-hover\"><\/span><i class=\"fab fa-x-twitter\"><svg style=\"width:1em; margin-bottom:-.1em;\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M389.2 48h70.6L305.6 224.2 487 464H345L233.7 318.6 106.5 464H35.8L200.7 275.5 26.8 48H172.4L272.9 180.9 389.2 48zM364.4 421.8h39.1L151.1 88h-42L364.4 421.8z\"\/><\/svg><\/i><\/a><\/div><div class=\"w-socials-item linkedin\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/shareArticle?mini=true&amp;url=https:\/\/ovza.com\/offshore-entities-and-international-trade-law\" class=\"w-socials-item-link\" title=\"LinkedIn\" aria-label=\"LinkedIn\"><span class=\"w-socials-item-link-hover\"><\/span><i class=\"fab fa-linkedin\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Offshore trusts under common law rely on fiduciary duties, asset protection statutes, and cross-border legal enforceability.These offshore trusts continue to play a significant role in international wealth structuring, estate planning, and asset protection. At their core, offshore trusts function according to foundational principles derived from English equity jurisprudence, where the bifurcation of legal and beneficial...","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":10031,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[126],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9992","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles-and-industry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ovza.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9992","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ovza.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ovza.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ovza.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ovza.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9992"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/ovza.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9992\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10905,"href":"https:\/\/ovza.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9992\/revisions\/10905"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ovza.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10031"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ovza.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9992"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ovza.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9992"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ovza.com\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9992"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}<!-- This website is optimized by Airlift. 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